The central meeting place in a polis was usually a hill called

• a phalanx

• an acropolis.

• an agora.

• a helot.

According to Aristotle, to whom did a citizen of a polis belong?

• To the adult male in the family.

• To him- or herself.

• To the king.

• To the state.

The new Greek military system, based on the use of hoplites, involved

• nobles on horseback doing most of the fighting.

• heavily armed foot soldiers who marched into battle in tight formations, carrying large shields to protect them from the enemy.

• forcing slaves to do all the fighting necessary in a war.

• hiring large numbers of professional soldiers to fight in battles.

The Greeks spread their culture throughout the ancient world by

• inviting foreign rulers to visit the major city-states.

• declaring war against all the other major civilizations of the time.

• leaving their homeland to establish distant colonies with good prospects in farming and trading.

• sending groups of philosophers abroad to teach the people they met about Greek culture.

Who supported the efforts of the Greek tyrants to control the city-states?

• the women

• those who had used their skills in trade and industry to become wealthy

• the aristocracy

• the helots

What did the people of Sparta do when they wanted to expand their city-state?

• They invited members of the neighboring lands of Laconia and Messenia to become Spartan citizens.

• They explored nearby unsettled territories and created Spartan colonies

• They made an alliance with the city-state of Athens.

• They conquered the neighboring colonies of Laconia and Messenia.

Who were the ephors?

• A group of five Spartan men who oversaw the education of the youth and all citizens' conduct.

• The Laconian and Messenian captives who served as the Spartans' serfs.

• Rulers who used force to take control.

• Foot soldiers who marched into battle in the phalanx formation.

How did the Athenians react to the laws enacted by their leader Draco?

• They selected him to be their king for the rest of his life.

• They rushed to claim that their enemies owed them money, so the enemies would be made into slaves as punishment.

• They gave full power to Solon, who canceled debts and freed those who had been enslaved for owing money under Draco.

• They rioted and drove Draco out of the polis.

When Athens was an oligarchy, who were the people who served as its rulers?

• soldiers

• aristocrats

• elected officials

• elders

How did Cleisthenes lay the foundations for democracy in Athens?

• He created a council of 500 that proposed, debated, and voted on laws before enacting them.

• He granted women full citizenship with political rights.

• He permitted a small number of farmers to participate along with the aristocrats in running the city-state.

• He seized the aristocrats' land and gave it to the poor.