Epidemiology Research Design

Relative risk is the statistic used with

• case control studies

• prospective cohort studies

• retrospective cohort studies

• both prospective and retrospective cohort studies

• cross sectional studies

British investigators conducted a study to compare measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine history among 1,294 children with pervasive development disorder (Autism and Asperger's syndrome) and 4, 469 children without such disorders. (They found no association.) This is an example of which type(s) of study? (This question has two answers. You must select both answers to get the grade).

• Experimental

• Observational

• Cohort

• Case-control

• Clinical trial

In a hypothetical study, an investigator wants to look at the association between exposure to lead in old homes built in 1940s and the development of autism. The investigator selects a large group of new-born babies who live in old homes built in 1940s and follow them over 10 years to determine who develops autism. Out of the 636 babies exposed to lead, 138 develop autism (a) and 498 do not develop autism (b). Out of 1980 babies not exposed to lead, only 1806 are autism-free after ten years (d) but 174 developed autism (c). Calculate the Relative Risk (RR) value. (Round the answer and write two numbers after the decimal point).

Study Type: An epidemiologist records whether each study participant is exposed or not, and then tracks them to see if they develop the disease

• Case control

• Cohort

• Cross sectional

• Ecological

Odds ratio is the statistic used with

• case control studies

• prospective cohort studies

• retrospective cohort studies

• cross sectional studies

Study type: An investigator divides the patients into two groups, then exposes one group to the pathogen/drug he is testing, and not the other, and looks for development of disease or relief from disease in both groups

• cohort

• case control

• controlled trial

• cross sectional

A cohort study differs from a case-control study in that:

• subjects are enrolled or categorized on the basis of their exposure status in a cohort study but not in a case-control study

• subjects are asked about their exposure status in a cohort study but not in a case-control study

• cohort studies require many years to conduct, but case-control studies do not

• cohort studies are conducted to investigate chronic diseases, case-control studies are used for infectious diseases

Study type: A group of people from a population is enrolled and their exposure and health outcomes are measured simultaneously at one point in time.

• cohort

• case control

• controlled trial

• cross-sectional

Case-control studies use what measure of association?

• Absolute Risk Difference

• Hazard Ratio

• Odds Ratio

• Relative Risk

Which studies use historical data? (This question has two answers. You must select both answers to get the grade).

• Case-Control

• Prospective Cohort

• Retrospective Cohort

• Prospective case-control