What conclusions can be made about these four organisms?

• The four organisms have no connection to each other because they live in the different ecosystems.

• The four organisms have similar bones because they live in similar environments.

• The four organisms have a common ancestor since they have the same number of bones in the same positions.

• The four organisms have different ancestors since they live in different environments.

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Based on the pictures of the various tortoises, which of the following is the best explanation of why they have different neck lengths?

• Each of the tortoises is adapted to the environment of their different islands. Selection for the neck length has occurred over many generations.

• The Hood Island tortoise has a long neck because there is plenty of food resources on their island, so their long neck allows them to reach up to eat plant leaves.

• The Isabela Island tortoise has short neck because there is limited food resources on their island, so they do not need to reach very far.

• The Pinta Island tortoise has a medium neck because they are the offspring of the Hood and Isabela Island tortoises. Their neck length is not related to the environment that they live.

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A fossil is . . .

• The preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past.

• Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid.

• An old rock.

• A tree or tree-like plants having completely transitioned to stone by the process of permineralization.

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A mutation to an organism’s DNA will always result in an adaptation.

• True

• False

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____________ is defined as a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

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Images such as the one above are possible because of the _________ which allows us to document change in life forms over time.

• fossil record

• DNA fingerprints

• laser technology

• scientific argumentation

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_______________ is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

• Adaptation

• Genetic Diversity

• Genetic Modification

• Natural Selection

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Paleontologists use the fossil record to document ____________ throughout the history of life on Earth.

• Existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms

• Diversity, earth science, and extinctions

• Anatomy, function, and change of life forms

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A species of small fish lives in a shady pond with a dark bottom. Some of these small fish are light-colored, and some are dark-colored. A new predator is added to the pond, and one of its primary food sources is the small fish. The table shows the percent of each color of fish in this population before and after the predator was added.

Based on the data in the table, select the best phrase from the menus to complete each sentence.



​After the new predator is added to the pond, the _________

have a better chance of surviving than fish of the other color. This is because the predator cannot seem them as well as fish of the other color.

• light-colored fish

• dark-colored fish

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The embryos of two vertebrate animals at the same stage of development are shown in the figure.

Which best explains why the embryos are similar in appearance, yet the adults look different?

• Some developmental processes are shared by vertebrates.

• Pigs and chickens are in the same genus.

• All vertebrate embryos have the same DNA.

• As the embryos grow, they undergo mutations.

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