The Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest

Which of the following developments is the most direct effect of the situation portrayed in the image?

• increased opposition from the Spanish crown to Spanish colonization

• the African slave population decreased as goals shifted to end colonization

• increased opposition from the Spanish clergy to use Native Americans as labor

• the enslaved African population increased to serve as a labor force for the Spanish

What was important about the development of vessels such as the one depicted above?

• They were the first ships to have cannons on board, leading Portugal to excel in naval warfare

• They were specially designed to carry enslaved laborers on their lower decks

• They allowed Portuguese and Spanish navigators to sail across oceans rather than only along the coast

• They were capable of carrying more than 300 people, making it easy to start colonial settlements

Read the passage below and answer the question.

"Colón [Columbus] and his crew did not voyage alone. They were accompanied by a menagerie of insects, plants, mammals, and microorganisms . . . European expeditions brought cattle, sheep, and horses, along with crops like sugarcane (originally from New Guinea), wheat (from the Middle East), bananas (from Africa), and coffee (also from Africa) . . . "

-From Charles C. Mann, historian, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, 2011.

Which of the following economic shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?

• The emergence of the Silk Road, a trade route between Europe and Asia

• European economies shifted from a feudal economy to a capitalist economy

• Native American economies shifted from capitalist economies to feudal economies

• A religious caste system in the New World

Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image?

• Spanish exploration of the Americas

• conflicts between European explorers

• Native American immunity to disease

• contaminated food brought from Europe

How did New World colonization, enabled by the vessel above, affect the economy of Europe?

• It caused rampant deflation, leading to many bankruptcies among borrowers

• It devastated the business of European farmers who grew tomatoes and potatoes, as New World imports of these crops undercut their sales

• It brought a great deal of gold and silver into Europe, stimulating the banking industry and promoting Europe’s transition to capitalism

• It allowed banking firms to have more power than European monarchies, which were deeply in debt

Read the passage below and answer the question.

"Colón [Columbus] and his crew did not voyage alone. They were accompanied by a menagerie of insects, plants, mammals, and microorganisms . . . European expeditions brought cattle, sheep, and horses, along with crops like sugarcane (originally from New Guinea), wheat (from the Middle East), bananas (from Africa), and coffee (also from Africa) . . . "

-From Charles C. Mann, historian, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, 2011.

How was the population of the Old World affected by the process Mann describes?

• Population decreased as new crops were introduced, causing people to die from new allergies

• Population increased as new crops were introduced, improving diets and increasing life expectancy

• Population increased as herbal cures found in the New World helped to address major diseases in the Old World

• Population decreased as new diseases like smallpox were introduced

In addition to new maritime technologies, what other innovations helped to spur European exploration in the Americas?

• New methods of preserving food for long journeys, like pickling

• New methods for organizing international trade, like the joint-stock company

• New democratic governments, like the one instituted after the French Revolution

• New forms of communication, like the telegraph

Read the passage below and answer the question.

"Colón [Columbus] and his crew did not voyage alone. They were accompanied by a menagerie of insects, plants, mammals, and microorganisms . . . European expeditions brought cattle, sheep, and horses, along with crops like sugarcane (originally from New Guinea), wheat (from the Middle East), bananas (from Africa), and coffee (also from Africa) . . . "

-From Charles C. Mann, historian, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, 2011.

Which of the following processes is Mann describing?

• The transatlantic slave trade

• The Little Ice Age

• The Columbian Exchange

• The Protestant Reformation