8th Science Review

In the fruit fly, the allele for black wings (B) is dominant over the allele for yellow wings (b). A cross between two black-wing flies produces a yellow-wing fly.

What are the correct genotype and phenotype of the offspring?

• Genotype: Bb

  Phenotype: Yellow Wings

• Genotype: Yellow Wings

  Phenotype: Bb

• Genotype: bb

  Phenotype: Yellow Wings

• Genotype: Yellow Wings

  Phenotype: bb

In cats, the allele for erect ears is dominant over the allele for floppy ears. A parent cat has erect ears while one of its offspring has floppy ears.

Which statement could be true?

• The offspring has the dominant trait, and its genotype is ee.

• The offspring has the recessive trait, and its genotype is Ee.

• The parent pig has the recessive trait, and its genotype is ee.

• The parent pig has the dominant trait, and its genotype is Ee.

The diagram shows the inheritance of a recessive disorder.

Which statement describes the ability of the children passing a recessive gene to their offspring?

• One child can pass the recessive gene to their offspring, and three children cannot.

• Two children can pass the recessive gene to their offspring, and two children cannot.

• Three children can pass the recessive gene to their offspring, and one child cannot.

• Four children can pass the recessive gene to their offspring, and zero children cannot.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

In a rare plant, the trait for bent stems (B) is dominant over the trait for straigth stems (b). Which cross will result in maximum offspring with the bent stem trait?

bb x Bb

• bb x bb

• BB x bb

• Bb x Bb

• bb x Bb

In strawberry plants, the trait for red fruit (R) is dominant over the trait for pink fruit (r). The table shows five possible crosses.

Which crosses represent possible parents of a strawberry plant that has the pink fruit phenotype?

• 2 and 5

• 3 and 4

• 1, 2, and 3

• 3, 4, and 5

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

In Tulips, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (p). What percentage of the offspring is expected to be purebred from the cross of Pp x Pp?

• 100%

• 75%

• 50%

• 25%

A researcher studying life in extreme environments found a micro-organism that lives in coal mines and survives by feeding on coal residue. The researcher is designing a way to extract the coal from the micro-organism.

What is the benefit of this research?

• It will help in identifying new coal deposits.

• It will increase dependence on coal mining.

• It will make the extraction of coal less safe.

• It will help in developing a new way to mine coal.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

NGSS.HS-ESS3-2

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

A team of biotech engineers has developed a method for converting common corn and sugar cane into bio-ethanol (a biofuel). The engineers are now researching how to make this fuel more energy efficient.

Which statement best justifies why the research should continue?

• The research will limit the production of corn and sugar cane

• The existing fuel engines will become more efficient from the research.

• The research makes the corn and sugar cane more useful.

• The fuel obtained from the research is a renewable source of energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4

Scientists are developing genetically modified plants that can grow in areas with little to no rain. These plants are genetically engineered by inserting a gene that helps the plant’s survive and grow in areas with less water than normal plants.

Which statement is a logical argument in favor of this research?

• It will help people to grow food crops in dry environments

• It will help to make soils richer.

• It will reduce the amount of herbicide needed to grow plants

• It will improve the efficiency of photosynthesis in all plant species.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

Mutations can be classified as neutral, beneficial, or harmful.

• True

• False

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1