8th North and South before 1850

What is one example of the impact that German immigrants had on the United States during the first half of the 19th century?

• They created independent republics.

• They controlled the governments of large cities.

• They became strong advocates of slavery.

• They founded hundreds of new settlements.

An important purpose of the National Road was to

• promote industrialization of the lower South.

• encourage settlement of the United States west of the Rocky Mountains.

• encourage settlement of the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains.

• promote industrialization of the upper Midwest.

The first factories in the United States were built in rural areas. Later, however, factories began to be constructed in large cities. Which statement best explains how improved technology made this change possible?

• Improved roads meant that factories no longer had to be located near stores that sold their products.

• The invention of the trolley car enabled people to travel from the suburbs to factory jobs in the city.

• Improved warehouse construction enabled factory owners to store more of their products in the city.

• The invention of the steam engine meant that factories no longer had to be located near streams.

Which of the following best describes the trade unions of the early nineteenth century?

• unskilled laborers organized by income

• unskilled laborers organized by region

• skilled craftsmen organized by a specific occupation

• skilled craftsmen organized by ethnic background

Before the Civil War, plantations in the South produced millions of pounds of cotton. Between 1820 and 1860, about 75 percent of the world's cotton supply was produced in the Southern states. Most of the cotton was sold to textile mills in Great Britain, usually for large profits.

The passage supports the conclusion that before the Civil War,

• cotton provided most workers in the South with a good income.

• cotton was an important part of the South's basic tax structure.

• cotton sales allowed the South to develop an industrial economy.

• cotton was an extremely important part of the South's economy.

Which of the following best describes the Lowell System?

• a system of textile manufacturing in which cloth is woven using yarn imported from overseas

• a system that only employed workers who belonged to labor unions

• a system that used parts individually created by skilled craftsmen

• a system of textile manufacturing in which all steps of the process are performed in one factory

Samuel Slater was a British-born American who designed the first textile mills in the United States. He was known in Britain as "Slater the traitor" because he

• protested trade deals between Britain and the United States.

• refused to buy cloth from British manufacturers.

• refused to sell cloth he manufactured in Britain.

• brought British industrial secrets to the United States.

In the early nineteenth century, textiles in the United States were produced partly in factories and partly in homes. How did this system work?

• Factories spun yarn, and home workers wove it into cloth.

• Home workers spun yarn, and factories wove it into cloth.

• Factories spun yarn and wove it into cloth, and home workers dyed it.

• Home workers spun yarn and dyed it, and factories wove it into cloth.

In the antebellum South, the culture of enslaved Africans developed differently in the lower South than in the Chesapeake region. Which of the following best explains this?

• Slaves in the lower South had less contact with the culture of whites than slaves in the Chesapeake region had.

• White slaveholders in the lower South were better educated than slaveholders in the Chesapeake region were.

• Slaves in the lower South were from a different part of Africa than slaves in the Chesapeake region were from.

• White slaveholders in the lower South were less religious than slaveholders in the Chesapeake region were.

Slaves who worked the cotton plantations of the antebellum South usually lived in small wooden shacks and wore simple cotton clothing, but they often ate more calories per day than poor working people in the North. Which statement best explains this?

• Slaveholders provided housing and clothing, but the states provided the food.

• Slaveholders wanted to keep costs low, but they also needed to keep their slaves healthy.

• Slaveholders wanted to keep costs low, but they grew plenty of food on their plantations.

• Slaveholders provided housing and clothing, but slaves grew their own food.