Permanent Waving

Hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod, which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod, similar to the stripes on a candy cane.

• basic permanent wrap

• curvature permanent wrap

• bricklay permanent wrap

• spiral perm wrap

Create an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the waving lotion and speeds up processing.

• exothermic waves

• endothermic waves

• acid balance waves

• alkaline waves

Perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so there is very little odor associated with their use.

• acid balanced waves

• alkaline waves

• endothermic waves

• ammonia free waves

Perm in which the hair strands are wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers.

• bricklay permanent wrap

• croquignole wrap

• basic permanent wrap

• curvature permanent wrap

Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

• amino acids

• disulfide bonds

• peptide bonds

• polypeptide chains

Perm rods that have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to a larger diameter on the ends.

• concave rods

• loop rod

• soft bender rods

• end papers

Perm wrap in which partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head.

• spiral perm wrap

• single flat wrap

• double rod wrap

• curvature permanent wrap

Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents.

• glyceryl monothioglycolate

• amino acids

• thioglycolic acid

• ammonium thioglycolate

Perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.

• single flat wrap

• double flat wrap

• double rod wrap

• bookend wrap

Base control in which the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned half off its base section.

• half off base placement

• base placement

• on base placement

• off base placement