M45 Reading Check

What is the response pattern of securely attached children in the strange situation when their mothers return?

• They tend to ignore their mothers because they are secure about her care.

• Sometimes they run over to their mothers and sometimes they do not; there's no consistent pattern in their responses.

• They tend to run over to their mothers and beg them not to leave again.

• They tend to go to their mothers for comfort.

• They hit their mothers.

A critical period is a stage in development when:

• specific stimuli have major effect on development that they do not produce at other times.

• children are resistant to any kind of discipline by their parents.

• new learning is prevented by older learning.

• bonding between the child and parents first takes place.

• the child first enters elementary school and needs

Harlow's experiment with rhesus monkeys and surrogate mothers emphasized the importance of:

• contact comfort.

• feeding.

• aesthetic needs.

• incentive theory.

• gender schema.

During what age range can humans most easily form close and long-term attachments to their caregivers?

• 1 week to 3 months

• 2 to 5 months

• 6 months to 3 years

• 2 to 4 years

• birth to death

An 18-month-old typically recognizes herself in a mirror. This self-awareness contributes to:

• self-assurance.

• self-concept.

• self-esteem.

• self-actualization.

• self-determination.

According to Diana Baumrind, which of the following parental styles results in the most socially competent and responsible adults?

• authoritatian

• authoritative

• uninvolved

• permissive

• indulgent

According to research done by Erik and Joan Erikson, children who are securely attached are also likely to be :

• parented by authoritarian parents.

• developing a sense of basic trust.

• raised in a neglectful environment.

• showing less stranger anxiety.

• able to think in an abstract manner.

Why are psychologists still cautious about labeling parenting styles? Why should this theory still be considered, yet regarded with caution?

Combining the research of Ainsworth, Erikson, and Baumrind, what is necessary to help a child develop in a healthy social way? Describe in 3+ sentences using proper terminology.