The Scientific Revolution

Humanism was a system of thought that focused on human values, interests, and welfare. It discouraged superstition and promoted rational thinking. Which statement best shows the role of humanism during the Scientific Revolution?

• Humanism encouraged intellectuals to focus on human accomplishment and potential.

• Humanism encouraged intellectuals to study the role of God in the universe.

• Humanism encouraged intellectuals to study the behavior and thoughts of ancient church scholars.

• Humanism encouraged intellectuals to highlight the needs of the church.

Select the 2 correct answers.

The Scientific Revolution played a major role in the emergence of the Industrial Revolution. Which two statements best show the Industrial Revolution’s impact on society?

• The industrial growth boosted economic growth in parts of Europe.

• The industrial developments caused friction between Europe and North America.

• The industrial growth caused bankruptcy for all new factories in Europe.

• The new industrial technologies improved means of transportation.

The concept of empiricism states that all rationally accepted knowledge is determined from experience. Francis Bacon was one of the first scientists to promote this theory. What was its impact on society?

• People started deriving conclusions based solely on their observations.

• People completely rejected all the old beliefs and started doing new research.

• People started closely examining the ancient teachings of medieval scientists.

• People emphasized obtaining knowledge through scientific experiments.

How did the printing press help the Scientific Revolution?

• The printing press made it easier for scientists to conduct initial experiments.

• The printing press allowed mass production of books that spread new scientific ideas.

• The printing press helped scientists keep their findings private.

• The printing press enabled scientists to create scientific societies to discuss their works.

What was the role of the Protestant Reformation in the growth of the Scientific Revolution?

• It weakened the power of the Catholic Church in Europe.

• It focused on the welfare of humanity in society.

• It promoted the teachings of Greek and Roman philosophers.

• It strengthened the role of Christianity in society.

Which scientist pioneered modern anatomy and published a book on human dissection called De Humani Corporis Fabrica?

• Isaac Newton

• Robert Boyle

• Johannes Kepler

• Andreas Vesalius

The Scientific Revolution saw the rise of scientific academies at various places in Europe. The _____________________

was founded in 1660 in London.

• Royal Academy

• Royal Academy of Sciences

• Royal Society

The Academy of Sciences was founded in 1666 in ___________. The main objective of these academies was to encourage modern scientific discoveries.

• France

• Germany

• Italy

Modern History Sourcebook Dr. John Wallis: The Origin of The Royal Society, 1645-1662

From Account of Some Passages of his Life, 1700

Complete the following sentences.

According to the paragraph, members of the Royal Society discussed:

Our business was (precluding matters of theology and state affairs), to discourse and consider of Philosophical Enquiries, and such as related thereunto: as physic, anatomy, geometry, astronomy, navigation, statics, magnetics, chemics, mechanics, and natural experiments; with the state of these studies, as then cultivated at home and abroad. We then discoursed of thecirculation of the blood, the valves in the veins, the venae lactae, the lymphatic vessels, the Copernican hypothesis, the nature of comets and new stars, the satellites of Jupiter, the oval shape (as it then appeared) of Saturn, the spots in the sun, and its turning on its own axis, the inequalities and selenography of the moon, the several phases of Venus and Mercury, the improvement of telescopes, and grinding of glasses for that purpose, the weight of air, the possibility, or impossibility of vacuities, and nature's abhorrence thereof, the Torricellian experiment in quicksilver, the descent of heavy bodies, and the degrees of acceleration therein; and divers other things of like nature. Some of which were then but new discoveries, and others not so generally known and embraced, as now they are, with other things appertaining to what has been called The New Philosophy, which from the times of Galileo atFlorence, and Sir Francis Bacon (Lord Verulam) in England, has been much cultivated in Italy, France, Germany, and other parts abroad, as well as with us in England.

• medicine, theology and economics

• biology, physics and economics

• medicine, physics and astrology

• medicine, physics and astronomy

Dr. John Wallis: The Origin of The Royal Society, 1645-1662

From Account of Some Passages of his Life, 1700

We would by no means be thought to slight or undervalue the philosophy of Aristotle, which has for many ages obtained in the schools. But have (as we ought) a great esteem for him, and judge him to have been a very great man, and think those who do most to slight him, to be such as are less acquainted with him. He was a great enquirer into the history of nature, but we do not think (nor did he think), that he had so exhausted the stock of knowledge of that kind as that there would be nothing left for the enquiry of aftertimes, as neither can we of this age hope to find out so much, but that there will be much left for those that come after us.....

According to the paragraph, members didn’t want to eliminate the works of ______________, but instead wanted to build on them.

• Plato

• Copernicus

• Aristotle