Oncolocy Immune Chapters Med Surgical

The hospice nurse is caring for a client with cancer who is living at home. The nurse has explained to the client and the family that the client is at risk for hypercalcemia and has educated them on that signs and symptoms of this health problem. What else should the nurse teach this client and family to do to reduce the client’s risk of hypercalcemia?

• Avoid the use of stool softeners.

• Laxatives should be taken daily.

• Consume 2 to 4 L of fluid daily.

• Restrict calcium intake.

A nurse is teaching a client who is receiving radiation treatment for left lower lobe lung cancer. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?

• "I'll use hats to protect my head from the sun when my hair falls out."

• "If I get nauseous, I'll try to eat several small, bland meals each day."

• "I'll allow myself plenty of time to rest between activities."

• "Most of the adverse effects should go away shortly after my last radiation treatment."

A client diagnosed with acute myelocytic leukemia has been receiving chemotherapy. During the last 2 cycles of chemotherapy, the client developed severe thrombocytopenia requiring multiple platelet transfusions. The client is now scheduled to receive a third cycle. How can the nurse best detect early signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia?

• Perform a cardiovascular assessment every 4 hours.

• Check the client's history for a congenital link to thrombocytopenia.

• Closely observe the client's skin for petechiae and bruising.

• Monitor daily platelet counts.

The nurse is caring for a client who is to begin receiving external radiation for a malignant tumor of the neck. While providing client education, what potential adverse effects should the nurse discuss with the client?

• Cognitive changes

• Impaired nutritional status

• Diarrhea

• Alopecia

The nurse manager is orienting a new nurse to the oncology unit. When reviewing the safe administration of antineoplastic agents, what action should the nurse manager emphasize?

• Adjust the dose to the client's present symptoms

• Wash hands with an alcohol-based cleanser following administration.

• Use gloves and a lab coat when preparing the medication.

• Dispose of the antineoplastic wastes in the hazardous waste receptacle.

A client was diagnosed with cancer several weeks ago and family members describe him as “utterly distraught.” The client has fully withdrawn from social and family contact. What is the nurse’s best action?

• Reassure the client and the family that these types of responses to cancer are common

• Refer the client to the appropriate mental health provider.

• Educate the client about the mental health benefits of exercise.

• Reassure the family that the client is grieving and will eventually come to terms with the diagnosis.

An oncology nurse is caring for a client who has developed erythema following radiation therapy. What should the nurse instruct the client to do?

• Periodically apply ice to the area.

• Keep the area cleanly shaven.

• Avoid using soap on the treatment area.

• Apply petroleum jelly to the affected area.

The nurse is completing a focused assessment addressing a client's immune function. What should the nurse prioritize in the physical assessment?

• Percussion of the client's abdomen

• Palpation of the client's liver

• Auscultation of the client's apical heart rate

• Palpation of the client's lymph nodes

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia. The client informs the nurse that he has several drug allergies. The physician has ordered an antibiotic as well as several other medications for cough and fever. What should the nurse do prior to administering the medications?

• Administer the medications that the physician ordered.

• Call the pharmacy and let them know the client has several drug allergies.

• Consult drug references to make sure the medicines do not contain substances which the client is hypersensitive.

• Consult drug references to make sure the medicines do not contain substances which the client is hypersensitive.

In which process is the antigen-antibody molecule coated with a sticky substance that facilitates phagocytosis?

• Apoptosis

• Opsonization

• Agglutination

• Immunoregulation