Patho II Final

Breast cancer can sometimes occur outside of the confines of breast tissue due to which of the following?

• There are ducts and lobules extending into the subcutaneous tissue of the chest wall and into the axilla

• There is a double-layered epithelium lining the duct system

• There are superficial ducts lined with keratinizing squamous epithelium

• Following puberty, the duct system expands and proliferates, giving rise to numerous terminal duct

Only with _________________ does the breast completely mature and become fully functional

• Menopause

• Pregnancy

• Puberty

• Prolactin production

When considering the breast tissue in response to the production of breast milk, which of the following occur?

• The stroma increases in size

• The myoepithelial cells become scant

• The breast is mostly composed of lobules

• Interlobular stroma is converted to radiolucent adipose tissue

The most common benign breast masses are ___________________ . These arise from the terminal duct lobular unit.

• Fibroadenomas

• Hemangiomas

• Angiosarcoma

• Ductal carcinoma in situ

A greater percentage of breast cancers are found in which quadrant of the breast?

• Upper outer

• Upper inner

• Lower outer

• Lower inner

Which is the most significant risk factor for developing breast cancer (other than gender)?

• Alcohol consumption

• Obesity

• Hormone replacement therapy

• Increasing age

The most common site for breast cancer to spread is the -

• Lungs

• Liver

• Brain

• Bone

The proto-oncogene, HER-2/neu gene codes for a transmembrane glycoprotein that:

• Binds to the surface of cells, leading to alterations in the DNA

• Sends more signals to the nucleus, causing cells to grow and divide quickly.

• Cleaves DNA within the cell, leading to disruptions in translation

• Acts as a marker to notify apoptotic cells

The most common invasive breast cancer is ___________________ .

• Fibroadenomas

• Hemangiomas

• Angiosarcoma

• Ductal carcinoma in situ

• Invasive Lobular carcinoma

A rare form of breast cancer that beings in the milk passages and spreads to the skin of the nipple and areola is ______. It typically presents as persistent dermatitis and ezcematous skin lesions.

• Fibroadenomas

• Hemangiomas

• Paget's Disease

• Ductal carcinoma in situ

• Invasive Lobular carcinoma