Unit 7 Review: Motivation, Emotion, and Personality

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?

• Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization.

• The fundamental need for social affiliation is the first step in the hierarchy.

• There are significant cultural differences in the rate at which individuals achieve self-actualization.

• In western, industrialized cultures, women tend to rely on men to satisfy their safety and esteem needs

A viking explorer sets out on a journey to unexplored new lands hoping to acquire wealth and admiration from his peers. Which of the following theories of motivation best explains this particular explorer's voyage?

• Incentive Theory

• Drive Theory

• Sociobiological Theory

• Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Which of the following are most responsible for triggering our appetite and cuing us that we are full, respectively?

• The pancreas; the hypothalamus

• The hypothalamus; the mygdala

• insulin; ghrelin

• the lateral hypothalamus; the ventromedial hypothalamus

• The ventromedial hypothalamus; the lateral hypothalamus

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law....

• to succeed on a difficult task it is best to have a moderate level of arousal

• to succeed on a difficult task it is best to have a high level of arousal

• it is best to have no arousal when performing easy tasks

• each person has an optimal level of arousal that they seek to maintain

Which of the following would be the strongest piece of evidence in support of Paul Ekman's research findings into facial expressions of emotions?

• A boy who is born blind displays a universally recognized look of disgust, even though he has never seen someone else display that facial expression

• A criminology student is confident she can "read" the facial expressions of suspected criminals

• A criminology student is convinced that it is impossible to "read" the facial expressions of suspected criminals

• A newborn does not appear to utilize a social smile in response to others

Which motivational theory would most support the premise that human seeks affiliation with others because traditionally those bonds have supplied protection from threats to their survival?

• Arousal Theory

• Maslow's hierarchy of needs

• Self-Determination Theory

• Evolutionary Theory

Which of the following is the most accurate criticism of drive theory?

• It does not account for the motivation to satisfy hunger or thirst

• It does not account for the motivation to satisfy the sex drive

• It does not give sufficient attention to homeostatic regulation

• Often, humans seek to increase rather than decrease their levels of attention

"To think is easy. To act is difficult. To act as one thinks is the most difficult of all." This statement is most reflective of which of the following theories?

• Appraisal Theory

• Cognitive Dissonance Theory

• Drive-Reduction Theory

• James-Lange Theory

"We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble." This quote summarizes which of the following theories of emotional response?

• Drive-reduction theory

• Two Factor Theory

• James-Lange Theory

• Cannon-Bard Theory

Which of the following theorists supported the idea that humans have a general stress response in which exhaustion eventually results if the stressor is not removed?

• Abraham Maslow

• Clark Hull

• Hans Selye

• Walter Cannon