Do Now AP Psych

Question is based on the following.

In a two-phase study, participants were randomly assigned to either group A or group B. All participants were subjected to a series of irritating air puffs directed at the face. In the first phase of the study, participants in group A pressed a button that stopped the air puffs. Participants in group B pressed a button that had no effect on the air puffs. In the second phase of the study, both groups had buttons that, if pressed, would stop the air puffs.

The study most directly explores the concept of

• learned helplessness

• social facilitation

• retrograde amnesia

• the mere-exposure effect

• regression to the mean

Shaquille is 25 years old and is actively dating in order to find someone to settle down with. Which of the following theorists would best be able to explain Shaquille’s behavior?

• Lawrence Kohlberg

• Carol Gilligan

• Sigmund Freud

• Erik Erikson

• B. F. Skinner

A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells

• efferent neurons

• afferent neurons

• mirror neurons

• motor neurons

• Schwann cells

In high school, it did not seem to make a difference how much Clive studied Spanish; he always earned poor grades. Now that Clive is in college, he is required to take Spanish again. According to the concept of learned helplessness, which of the following statements can be most expected from Clive as he starts the new Spanish class?

• “Spanish is a difficult subject that I am very poor at.”

• “I sure hope that my Spanish professor is better than my high school Spanish teacher.”

• “Why study? There isn’t anything I can do to improve my Spanish skills.”

• “If I spend more time studying, I’m sure I will do better than in high school.”

• “I need to find a good tutor to help me learn Spanish; I can’t learn it on my own.”

Marion is about to turn 102. The death-deferral theory would predict that

• her healthy diet will defer death for a longer period of time

• her daily walk will defer death for a longer period of time

• she is less likely to die immediately before her birthday

• she will defer her death if she is surrounded by loved ones

• she will be less likely to die if she has good health care