Reformation and Religious Wars

Which of the following was NOT a reason that a Protestant movement emerged?

• the Society of Jesus took up Luther's cause

• Luther enjoyed the protection of some powerful Protestant princes

• Luther's students used the printing press to spread Luther's theology

• peasants saw Luther's theology as a justification for their dissatisfaction

All of the following were long-term causes of the Protestant Reformation EXCEPT

• Church corruption & fragmentation

• Humanist beliefs that Christ's message was being diluted by the Church

• Christian humanism & the ethics of the Renaissance

• The forceful ways of religious groups such as the Jesuits

Which of the following beliefs was central to Martin Luther’s religious philosophy?

• Salvation by faith alone

• Saints as intermediaries between the individual Christian and God

• The priesthood defined as distinct from the laity (followers)

• The equality of men and women

The theology of Calvin differs from Luther's in which of the following ways?

• the belief that scripture alone is the guide to salvation

• the belief that salvation is earned by faith alone

• the belief that some have been predestined for salvation

• the belief that the Bible should be printed in the vernacular

Which of the following resulted from the English Reformation?

• Immediate and wholesale persecution of Catholics in England

• Establishment of the English monarch as head of the Church of England

• The pope’s naming of the English church as independent, but still affiliated (officially connected) with Rome

• Henry of Navarre converted to Catholicism

The teachings of which of the following had the greatest impact on the Reformation in Scotland?

• Ignatius of Loyola

• John Calvin

• Martin Luther

• Ulrich Zwingli

The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was the major body through which

• Spain strengthened its position against the Turks

• The house of Hapsburg gained control over Italy

• The Roman Catholic church reformed itself

• European states entered into economic cooperation

1555, The Peace of Augsburg

• ended the war between the Church and the Protestant princes

• established Henry VIII's right to establish the Church of England

• unified the German principalities under the Holy Roman Emperor

• established the principle of "his region; his religion"

The Edict of Nantes sought to resolve which ongoing conflict?

• Popular protest against the abusive nature of the French monarchy

• Wars of supremacy between rival Italian city-states

• The internal violence between Catholics and Calvinists in France

• The restoration of German Protestant provinces to Catholicism

Which is NOT true of the Edict of Nantes (1598):

• It was issued by Henry IV of France

• It allowed the practice of Protestantism in France

• It was responsible for the St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre

• It was accepted by the French Huguenots