Unit 7 Evolution Review

Two different species contain a nucleotide sequence that is almost identical. What does this evidence suggest?

• The two species may have a common ancestor.

• The two species have the same number of chromosomes.

• The two species may be evolving into the same species.

• The two different species have the same DNA.

Scientists believe that an asteroid hit the Earth causing dramatic weather changes leading to the extinction of dinosaurs. New species of animals evolved from this event.

Which concept best explains this?

• geographic isolation

• gradualism

• mutualism

• punctuated equilibrium

Which organisms were the first to evolve on Earth?

• aerobic eukaryotes

• anaerobic eukaryotes

• aerobic prokaryotes

• anaerobic prokaryotes

What event led to the presence of more and more oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere?

• As the early Earth cooled, water vapor condensed forming the oceans leading to the evolution of photosynthetic cells.

• In the extreme heat of the early Earth, carbon dioxide collected in the atmosphere leading to the evolution of plants.

• As the early Earth cooled, the first solid rocks began to appear on the Earth's surface leading to the evolution of sedimentary rock.

• In the extreme heat of the early Earth, ozone provided protection from UV radiation leading to the evolution of eukaryotes.

What is the correct sequence for the evolution of living organisms on Earth?

• anaerobic prokaryotes -> multicellular organisms ->photosynthetic prokaryotes -> eukaryotes

• anaerobic prokaryotes -> photosynthetic prokaryotes -> eukaryotes -> multicellular organisms

• eukaryotes -> anaerobic prokaryotes -> photosynthetic prokaryotes -> multicellular organisms

• photosynthetic prokaryotes -> anaerobic prokaryotes -> multicellular organisms -> eukaryotes

Which type of organism most likely evolved before the others listed?

• chemosynthetic eukaryotes

• chemosynthetic prokaryotes

• photosynthetic eukaryotes

• photosynthetic prokaryotes

Which explanation correctly describes the origin of mitochondria?

• Mitochondria were originally prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell, and the two formed a symbiotic relationship.

• Mitochondria, formed from ancient chloroplasts in an environment without sunlight, evolved to produce ATP instead of glucose.

• Mitochondria evolved from the Golgi apparatus after photosynthetic organisms began producing oxygen gas.

• Mitochondria were formed from methane, water vapor, and carbon dioxide that were struck by lightning on early Earth.

Giant fossil ferns have been discovered in Canada. What can be inferred from this discovery?

• Canada was once a separate land mass.

• Canada once had a much warmer climate.

• Canada was once occupied by dinosaurs.

• Canada was once covered by a saltwater sea.

If a biologist wants to study biochemical evidence of evolution between organisms of two different species, what should he or she investigate?

• similarity in amino acid sequences in the proteins of the two organisms

• similarity in reproductive methods between the two organisms

• similarity in skeletal structure between the two organisms

• similarity in skin covering (fur, feathers, etc.) between the two organisms similarity in skin covering (fur, feathers, etc.) between the two organisms

Observe the anatomy of a whale's tail. Notice the whale has a pelvis and a femur from a leg.

What type of structures are the pelvis and femur of the whale?

• analogous structures

• homologous structures

• vestigial structures

• evolutionary structures