Which of the following is a/are function(s) of the conducting airways?

I. Provide a low resistance pathway for air

II. Remove the moisture from the air

III. Provide defence against harmful chemicals

• I only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

What is the definition of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

• The volume of air in the lungs after maximal inhalation

• The volume of air inspired during normal breathing

• The additional inspired air over and above tidal volume

• The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a maximal exhalation

Which components help to form blood plasma?

• water, waste products, platelets

• water, dissolved gases, nutrients

• erythrocytes, hormones, dissolved gases

• leucocytes, electrolytes, nutrients

Which of the following begins intrinsic excitation of the heart?

• Sinoatrial node (SA node)

• Adrenaline

• Chemoreceptors

• Parasympathetic nervous system

Which are the units when measuring an athlete’s blood pressure?

• ml kg–1 min–1

• L min–1

• ml min–1

• mmHg

An athlete is unable to train for a substantial amount of time following an injury. Which of the following will occur?

• A decrease in resting heart rate

• A decrease in capillarization around muscle tissue

• An increase in arterio-venous oxygen difference

• An increase in left ventricular volume

What is the function of the conducting airways?

• Cool and moisten the air

• High resistance for air flow

• Warm and moisten the air

• Gaseous exchange

What is vital capacity?

• The volume of air in the lungs after maximum inhalation

• The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in any one breath

• Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

• Additional inspired air over and above tidal volume

What can cause low pH levels in the blood during aerobic exercise?

• Increased carbon dioxide content

• Increased haemoglobin content

• Increased oxygen content

• Increased phosphocreatine

What is one function of platelets?

• Deliver oxygen

• Fight infection

• Blood clotting

• Antibody storage