Body Fluids

Interstitial fluid does not includes;

• synovial fluid

• aqueous humor

• blood plasma

• cerebrospinal fluid

Which statement is correct regarding the barriers separating ICF and ECF

• These barriers completely separate each fluid compartment

• Plasma membrane serve as a semi-permeable barrier between ICF and ECF

• Ion exchange via plasma membrane occurs due to passive transport mechanisms

• A change in one fluid compartment affect the others

Functions of the electrolytes in human body includes;

• control the osmosis of water between fluid compartments

• serve as cofactors needed for optimal activity of enzymes

• production of action potentials

• All above are correct

Incorrect statement regarding body fluids is;

• Na⁺ - K⁺ pumps plays a major role to maintain the ion balance in ECF and ICF

• Having protein anions in the interstitial fluid is its major difference to blood plasma

• In ICF, K⁺ is the main cation while proteins and PO₄^2- are main anions

• Apart from Cl^- ions, HCO₃^- also identified in ECF

A patient comes to the hospital due to "Kaneru" poisoning. "Kaneru" poison usually increase the K+ concentration in body. What would be the possible outcome you have to pay attention as a nursing officer?

• Severe thirsty

• Dysfunction of the nervous system

• Severe headache

• Cardiac dysrythmia

Osmolarity of a NaCl solution is mentioned as 1 osm/L. What is the incorrect statement regarding this NaCl solution

• This solution contains 0.5 moles of NaCl

• One liter of this solution contains 1 moles of Na⁺ ions

• One liter of this solution contains 0.5 moles of Cl^- ions

• This solution can be considered as a hypertonic solution

Which statement is correct regarding the osmolarity of different body fluid compartments

• Osmolarity of blood plasma is little lower than ICF and interstitial fluid

• About 50% of the osmolarity of ICF is due to Cl^- ions

• Osmolarity of ICF and interstitial fluid is kept equal by ion exchange activities through cell membrane

• Osmolarity difference in plasma and interstitial fluid is due to HCO₃^- ions

A fish from the sea accidently come to a river and unable to go back to the sea. What would happen to this fish?

• The fish will adapt to the river environment

• Fish will die due to the shrinking of body cells

• Fish will die due to changes in the oxygen concentration in river water

• Fish will die due to the swelling of body cells

Water intoxication may happens due to large consumption of water in a shorter period of time or due to poor kidney function. What is the correct statement regarding this condition?

• In this situation water act as a isotonic solution

• Signs and symptoms of this condition will be vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain with fever

• Swelling of the neurons will cause complications in water intoxication

• In this situation osmosis of water from intercellular to extracellular occur

What would be the incorrect statement related to the fluid compartment of a human

• Having more fatty mass than male leads to less representation of fluid in body mass of female

• Total body water of a new born represent around 75% of total body mass.

• Interstitial fluid represents 20% of extra cellular fluids

• Each fluid compartment in human body are not completely separated from each other