World History 4th Six Weeks Pretest

Which factor contributed most to the development of the Renaissance in Italy?

• City-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

• Nobles in Italy had been military leaders in the Crusades.

• The Catholic Church provided political stability to the region.

• The region had become politically unified under one Italian king.

The most immediate cause of the Reformation included —

• Erasmus’ publishing of The Praise of Folly

• Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-five Theses

• John Calvin’s establishment of a theocracy in Geneva

• Henry VIII’s plea to Pope Clement VII for an annulment

A new theological doctrine that emerged from the Protestant Reformation included the idea of —

• good works

• salvation by grace

• sacramental traditions

• indulgences as forgiveness

Which factor contributed most to the desire of European colonial powers to control trade in Southeast Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

• Demand for spices grown in the region

• Need for timber from the region for fuel

• Supplies of enslaved labor from the region

• Hopes of discovering oil reserves in the region

The Crusades helped to contribute to the beginning of the European Renaissance by —

• introducing the Europeans to Islamic art

• destroying the libraries of Muslim scholars

• facilitating the revival of trade with the East

• inciting a rebellion against the Catholic Church

But that which will excite the greatest astonishment by far, and which indeed especially moved me to call the attention of all astronomers and philosophers, is this, namely, that I have discovered four planets, neither known nor observed by any one of the astronomers before my time, which have their orbits round a certain bright star, one of those previously known, like Venus and Mercury round the Sun, and are sometimes in front of it, sometimes behind it, though they never depart from it beyond certain limits. All which facts were discovered and observed a few days ago by the help of a telescope devised by me, through God's grace first enlightening my mind.  — Galileo Galilei, Sidereal Messenger,1610

Which new approach to scientific thought is illustrated in the excerpt?

• Rejecting religious teachings about the physical world

• Employing laboratories to confirm the results of theories

• Using direct observation instead of relying on previous beliefs

• Adhering to the practices passed down by the Greeks and Romans

As a result of the Renaissance, many European political powers were able to —

• build an alliance against the Ottomans

• take control of trade in the Indian Ocean

• establish large overseas colonial empires

• eliminate the power of the Catholic Church

The changing social views that emphasized the growing individualism and secularism emerging during the European Renaissance came to be known as —

• enlightenment

• humanism

• rebirth

• reformation

What economic change in Europe during the Renaissance facilitated the flourishing of art that characterized the time period?

• Introduction of paper currency that was in higher demand by artists

• Creation of a barter system that allowed artists to trade more easily

• Growth of a merchant class with additional income used to patron the arts

• Development of government programs that paid for the education of artists

The Act of Supremacy of 1534 changed the religious patterns in England by —

• protecting the monasteries in England from Papal abuses

• allowing for the spread of the Lutheran religion to England

• making the monarch the head of the Christian church in England

• installing the Archbishop of Canterbury as the spiritual leader of England