ROMANTICISM REVIEW 2023

Romanticism took place between

• 1820 and 1910

• 1600 and 1750

• 1750 and 1820

The main pillars of Romanticism are

• Order, Simplicity and Clarity

• Individualism, Nationalism and Exoticism

• Restraint of feelings, formality and sequence

The social environment in the Romantic period was characterized by

• Poor access to education, the feudal system and theocentrism

• Humanism, discoveries and monarchy

• Political revolutions, abolishion of slavery and the industrial revolution.

Sources of inspiration during the Romantic period

• Rewarded love, anatomy and machines

• The joy and pain of love, death, The distant past and nature

• Restraint of emotions, atheism and cityscapes

Musical features of Romanticism

• Break of form rules, use of dissonances, expansion of instrumentation, no recycling of compositions

• Strict rules in form, use of central tonality and modulation to related keys, limited instrumental groups

• Use of ritornello form, string instruments and harpsichord, discovery of major/minor system

Composers of the Romantic period

• Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

• Bach, Vivaldi, Handel

• Schumann, Wagner, Mahler

The idee fixe is

• a musical idea that is repeated with no changes throughout the composition

• a musical idea that is repeated with changes (unfolded) throughout the composition

• all the musical ideas that form a composition

The idee fixe is also known as the

• recurring theme or leitmotif

• adagio

• ritenuto

The orchestra of the Romantic period became

• expanded

• reduced

• unusual

The following instruments were included in the orchestra

• violin, harp, cello, counterbass, viola

• kettle drum, French horn, clarinet, flute

• piccolo, English horn, bass clarinet, contrabassoon, tubas