Pharm exam 4 review (CH 43,46,47,48)

which of the following are included in the most common causes of vitamin deficiencies?

• higher socioeconomic status

• FAD diets

• alcohol use d/o

• drug abuse

• PEG tube

Answer explanation

5 common causes of vitamin deficiencies:

1. poverty

2. FAD diets

3. alcohol use d/o

4. drug abuse

5. parenteral feeding

which of the following are lipid soluble vitamins?

• Vitamin C

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin K

• Vitamin B1

Answer explanation

Lipid soluble vitamins are vitamin A,D,E,K.

These dissolve in fat. It is easier to OD on these vitamins because they stay in the system longer.

which of the following is a precursor to vitamin A?

• carotene

• dehydrocholesterol

• Glucuronate

• tocopherol

Answer explanation

Vitamin A

source: dark leafy veggies, butter, milk, eggs

Use: vision and skin

There are 2 types of vitamin D. Which vitamin D can be sourced from the sun?

• vitamin D2

• vitamin D3

Answer explanation

Vitamin D2

source: dairy, cheese, milk, yogurt

Vitamin D3

source: UV radiation

People who do not get enough sunlight, require supplements of D3

**important for bones

**important for the body to use calcium

this vitamin's primary role is an antioxidant that prevents the body from damage by free radicals (oxide).

• vitamin A

• vitamin D

• vitamin C

• vitamin E

Answer explanation

Vitamin E

Source: plant seed oils, nuts, eggs

role: primary antioxidant

which vitamin is the antidote for warfarin overdose?

• vitamin C

• vitamin B2

• vitamin K

• vitamin D

Answer explanation

Vitamin K

source: green leafy veggies, tomato, cauliflower, egg yolks

use: clotting factors

**given for patients with bleeding problems

**antidote for warfarin

BB: if given parenteral -- can cause anaphylaxis or cardiac-resp arrest

what are the names for the following vitamin Bs

B1

B2

B3

what are the names for the following vitamin Bs

B6

B9

B12

this B vitamin can be sourced from whole grains and dry beans. It is one of the vitamins deficient in a patient with AUD. Beriberi is the term for this vitamin deficiency.

(write the proper name of this vitamin)

Answer explanation

vitamin B1 (THIAMINE)

source: whole grains, dry beans, peanuts

USE: RBC formation

B1 and B9 are the most common deficiency for pt w/ AUD (alcohol use d/o)

B1 is also deficient in pts w/ chronic liver disease and HIV

Beriberi is thiamine deficiency w/ neurological symptoms

which drugs can cause vitamin B6 deficiency?

• hydrochloroquinolone

• pyrazinamide

• methotrexate

• isonazid

Answer explanation

vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

use: RBC production