Heredity Review

Which sequence orders the structures of heredity from the smallest unit of organization to

      largest unit of organization?

•  DNA, chromosome, gene 

• DNA, gene, chromosome 

• gene, chromosome, DNA 

• gene, DNA, chromosome 

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Explain the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, genes, and the traits passed from parent to

      offspring.

• Chromosomes are comprised of segments of DNA called genes that control the traits that will be  

                     passed from parent to offspring.  

• DNA is comprised of segments of chromosomes called genes that control the traits that will be

       passed from parents to offspring.  

• Genes are comprised of segments of chromosomes called DNA that control the traits that will be

                     passed from parents to offspring.

• Chromosomes are comprised of segments of genes called DNA that control the traits that will be

       passed from parents to offspring. 

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The expected number of chromosomes in human body cells is 46. Fruit flies have only 8 chromosomes, mulberry trees have 308, and protists can have thousands. Dogs are in the middle of the range, with 78 chromosomes.

 

 

 How many chromosomes are in the sex cells of each of these organisms?

• always 23

• always half as many as in the body cells

• always as many as in the body cells

• always twice as many as in the body cells

 What is the relationship between the genes and chromosomes? 

• Genes are segments of DNA that are located on the chromosomes of each cell. 

• Genes are made up of thousands of chromosomes. 

• Genes correspond to the phenotype, while chromosomes correspond to the 

       genotype.

• Chromosomes correspond to the phenotype, while genes correspond to the genotype.

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A group of researchers is studying watercress, a small flowering plant that lives in fresh water. They are studying the hereditary information (DNA) of watercress, to learn more about how different genes influence the growth of the plant. The researchers take tissue samples from plants of the same species of watercress that live in different parts of the United States. The tissue samples are taken from the petals, roots, or leaves of a plant. The researchers separated out the DNA from each sample. The samples taken are shown in the table below.

 

Which samples will contain identical DNA?

• samples from all parts of all four plants

              

• samples from the petal of Plant 1 and the petal of Plant 2

• samples from the root of Plant 3 and the leaf of Plant 3

• samples from the petals of Plants 1 and 2, the roots of Plants 2 and 3, and the leaves     

     of plants 3 and 4

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Which reason best explains why the ability to reproduce asexually is a desirable characteristic for a

        research organism?

• Researchers will not have to find mating pairs.

• All offspring of an individual will be genetically identical.

• There will be fewer generations than there would be with sexual reproduction.

• Organisms that reproduce asexually have less DNA than organisms that reproduce sexually

            Luis and Talia are working with an animal breeder to breed cattle. Like other animals, cattle reproduce sexually. Cattle have 60 chromosomes in each body cell. They need to confirm that an unmarked vial contains cattle sperm cells.

 

What evidence could help confirm that the vial contains sperm cells?

• .  A cell taken from the vial has 30 chromosomes

• A cell taken from the vial has 60 chromosomes.

• A cell taken from the vial has 90 chromosomes

• A cell taken from the vial has 120 chromosomes.

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 Which statement correctly describes the mechanisms of cell division? 

                

• Mitosis produces sex cells; meiosis produces body cells. 

• Meiosis produces genetically identical cells; mitosis does not. 

• Meiosis is a form of asexual reproduction; mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction.

• Mitosis produces genetically identical cells; meiosis does not. 

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Marcus is an avid gardener, and he wants to grow tomatoes in his garden.  He conducts a series of experiments to determine which parent plants will have the greatest probability of producing offspring with large tomatoes.

 

The gene for a large-size fruits (L) in tomato plants is dominant over the gene for small-size fruits in tomato plants (l).   

If Marcus crosses a heterozygous parent plant with a homozygous recessive parent plant,        what is  the probability of the offspring having large-size fruits?  

  

 

• 100%

• 50%

• 75%

• 25%

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. If the genetic condition being tracked is caused by a recessive allele (m), which of the   

      following represents the likely genotypes of the parents? 

• Father MM

  Mother MM

• Father mm

  Mother mm

• Father Mm

  Mother Mm

• Father MM

  Mother mm

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