Famous Speeches: Pope Urban Orders the First Crusade (1095)

What change in perspective on the part of Western European Catholics is demonstrated by details in the speech?

• They began to feel less need for obeying religious leaders.

• They began to feel more sympathy for Eastern Christians.

• They began to feel God as less of a presence in their lives.

• They began to feel a narrower loyalty to their local churches.

According to the section "Christ Commands That It Be Done," the pope's message is not just a command from him but also from God. Which paragraph from this section BEST supports the idea outlined above?

• Paragraph 7

• Paragraph 9

• Paragraph 10

• Paragraph 11

What change in perspective does Urban urge on his listeners?

• He wants them to focus more fervently on religious worship.

• He wants them to turn away from personal disputes and narrow interests.

• He wants them to show more faith in the power of an almighty God.

• He wants them to be more responsive to his commands and wishes.

Which selection BEST conveys the idea that those who fight will be given a personal reward?

• For God has made you stewards over his family. Happy indeed will you be if he finds you faithful in your stewardship

• All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall receive immediate forgiveness for their sins.

• Let those who have been accustomed to waging private and unjust warfare among Christians now go against the Turks and end with victory this war which should have been begun long ago.

• As soon as winter is over and spring comes, let them eagerly set out on the way with God as their guide.

What MOST likely caused Urban's call to help the Eastern Christians?

• the fear that Turks would continue to destroy Eastern churches

• the threat that the Turks would continue on to Western Europe

• the prospect of more Eastern Christians dying at the hands of the Turks

• more and more Eastern property being occupied by the Turks

How does the reference "the faithful of God will be much more widely attacked" reveal the multiple cause-and-effect relationships involved in this historical episode?

• It shows that people of many different faiths might also be affected by the events in the East.

• It demonstrates a fear of a wider threat from the Turks as a possible effect of their advances in the East.

• It suggests that Urban feared that Christians might desert to the Turks as a result of their gains in the East.

• It reveals that Urban feared the loss of his position as leader of the Western church.

Which answer choice BEST explains why the pope gave this speech?

• to inform his followers of the attacks against Christians

• to call his followers to action in the fight against the Turks

• to show his followers that the Turks were an evil people

• to educate his followers of the struggles of other Christians

Which answers BEST describes the text organization structure of the article, The Byzantine Empire? Choose TWO responses.

• compare/contrast

• problem/solution

• cause/effect

• description

• sequence

Which quote from the speech best supports the problem from Pope Urban's perspective?

• For, as most of you have heard, the Turks and Arabs have attacked them and have conquered territory as far west as the shore of the Mediterranean and the Arm of St. George. ... They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire

• Behold! On one side of this great struggle will be the enemies of the Lord. On the other side, on our side, will be His friends. On one side will be the wicked, on the other, the noble and just. Let those who choose to go not put off the journey, but rent their lands and collect money for their expenses.

• Most beloved brethren: Urged by necessity, I come to you today to deliver a call to action. I hope to find you as faithful and as eager in the service of God as I suppose you to be. For God has made you stewards over his family. Happy indeed will you be if he finds you faithful in your stewardship. Do not go to sleep, but guard on all sides the flock committed to you.

• On this account I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ's messengers to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to remove that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, but it is meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands that it be done.

Which quote best demonstrates the desired effect of Pope Urban's speech?

• All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall receive immediate forgiveness for their sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested.

• Behold! On one side of this great struggle will be the enemies of the Lord. On the other side, on our side, will be His friends. On one side will be the wicked, on the other, the noble and just. Let those who choose to go not put off the journey, but rent their lands and collect money for their expenses.

• O what a disgrace if such a despised and base race, which worships demons, should conquer a people which shares our faith in an all-powerful God! How shameful it will be if you do not aid those who, with us, declare their deep faith in the Christian religion!

• Yet the true servant of God cannot be concerned only with his own flock. He must be concerned with the Christian faithful wherever they may be. I call on you now to apply the strength of your righteousness to a grave matter which concerns you as well as God