Astronomy Unit 1 & 2 Review

Why did people centuries ago believe that Earth was the center of the universe and that everything rotated around it?

• They were not good at making observations.

• The sun and moon appear to go around the earth from our perspective.

• The universe has changed since the early days.

• Earth and the other planets were not visible to people then.

How did astronomical observations benefit ancient societies? Select all that apply.

• Kept track of time

• Helped people who relied on agriculture for survival

• Kept track of seasons

• Prevented diseases

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Geocentric models place the _______ at the center of the universe?

• Sun

• Moon

• Stars

• Earth

His model of the Earth-centered universe was the cornerstone of astronomy for 1,500 years.

• Claudius Ptolemy

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Galileo Galilei

• Pythagoras

The two most famous believers of the geocentric model of the universe were:

• Orville and Wilbur Wright

• Kepler and Tycho Brahe

• Copernicus and Galileo

• Aristotle and Ptolemy

The "backward loops" that most planets would appear to do once a year is called

• planetary motion.

• retrograde motion.

• prograde motion.

• a mystery.

Ptolemy thought that the planets orbit the Earth rather than the Sun. How did he explain the retrograde motion of planets like Jupiter?

• The Sun roamed about among the planets and pulled them out of their circular orbits.

• The planets moved on a separate circle called, an epicycle, whose center in turn circled a point near Earth.

• The planets moved in very elongated ellipses, and their speed in orbit changed radically over the course of a year.

• The planets moved along a circle centered on the Earth, sometimes in a forward direction and sometimes in a backward direction.

Ancient astronomers used 'epicycles' to explain...?

• Retrograde Motion

• Constellation Movement

• Moon's Phases

• Planetary Transits

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

While observing the planet Venus through his telescope, Galileo observed that it changed size and shape over a period of months. What conclusion did this help him come to?

• The Earth is round

• The Sun goes around the Earth

• Venus goes around the Sun

• Venus has four moons

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

This person developed the heliocentric theory and was considered the founder of modern astronomy

• Aristotle

• Copernicus

• Ptolemy

• Galileo