Toes, Foot, Ankle, & Calcaneus

How many bones make up the foot?

• 14

• 5

• 26

• 27

Answer explanation

There are 26 bones of the foot.

14 phalanges

5 metarsals

7 tarsals

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26 bones

The 1st digit has 3 phalanges?

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The first digit (big toe) has 2 phalanges-proximal and distal. This is the same as the thumb of the hand. Digits 2-5 of the foot has 3 phalanges-proximal, middle, distal.

How many IP joints are in the first digit of the foot

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 0

Answer explanation

There is only 1 IP joint of the first digit because there is only a proximal and distal phalanx.

Digits 2-5 has 2 IP joints a DIP and a PIP

IP joints perform which type of movement?

• Pivot

• Hinge

• Ellipsoidal

• Gliding

Answer explanation

The Interphalangeal joints (IPJ) are "hinge" joints

The Metarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ) are ellipsoidal

Tarsometarsal joints (TMTJ)- plane or gliding

Intertarsal Joints (ITJ)-plane or gliding

Ankle joint (tibiotalar)- saddle or sellar

Which Metarsal has an expanded prominent tuberosity?

• 1

• 4

• 3

• 5

Answer explanation

The base of the 5th metarsal has a prominent tuberosity on the lateral aspect. This is a common fracture site and serves as an attachment point for ligaments.

How many tarsal bones are there?

• 6

• 7

• 8

• 9

Answer explanation

There are 7 tarsal bones. Use the mnemonic to remember them

Come-Calcaneus

To-Talus

Colorado-Cuboid

Next-Navicular

3 Christmases- 1st,2nd,&3rd cuneiforms (named medially to laterally: medial, intermediate, and lateral

The calcaneus articulates with which bone superiorly?

• Cuboid

• Talus

• Navicular

• tib-fib

Answer explanation

The calcaneus articulates with the talus superiorly and the cuboid anteriorly.

The calcaneus is the largest and strongest bone in the foot and helps in our ability to bear weight and stand erect because it supports the talus

Another name for the calcaneus is os calcis

Medially on the calcaneus there is a prominent structure that is called the sustentaculum tali

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The sustentaculum tali is a prominent structure on the calcaneus that support the talus

Which is the largest tarsal bone

• Talus

• Calcaneus

• Cuboid

• Navicular

Answer explanation

The Calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and contains 5 processes

-Trochlear process

-Lateral process

-Medial process

-sustentaculum tali

-tuberosity of the calcaneus (heel)

The only foot bone that is involved in the formation of the ankle joint?

• Calcaneus

• Talus

• Cuboid

• Navicular

Answer explanation

The talus articulates superiorly wth the tib/fib, anteriorly with the navicular, and inferiorly with the calcaneus