Chapter 6

Which statement best describes the type of learning known as classical conditioning?

• Responses come to be controlled by their consequences

• Responding is influenced by observing another’s behaviour

• An organism's response stops an aversive event

• A response elicited by stimulus was 1st elicited by another

A salesperson earns commission for each item of clothing sold; type of reinforcement schedule?

• fixed-ratio

• variable-interval

• fixed-interval

• variable-ratio

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

• The car alarm stops when you finally press the correct button

• You avoid your sister because she complains all the time

• You get a fine for speeding

• The waiter tells u that they’re out of the dessert you ordered

What is the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response in classical conditioning?

• conditioned stumulus

• conditioned reinforcer

• unconditioned reinforcer

• unconditioned stumulus

The irrational fear and anxiety a person experiences in a phobia as per classical conditioning?

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned response

• conditioned response

• unconditioned stimulus

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

• There is close temporal contiguity between two stimuli

• The organism responds to new stimuli similar to the original CS

• An organism won't respond to stimuli similar to the original CS

• An UCS fails to elicit the UCR

Which of the following is most consistent with higher-order conditioning?

• A conditioned stimulus functions as unconditioned stimulus

• An unconditioned stimulus functions as conditioned stimulus

• A conditioned response functions as unconditioned response.

• An unconditioned response functions as conditioned response

The term for a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others?

• instinct

• phobia

• preparedness

• adaptation

When is the reinforcer given in a variable-ratio schedule?

• after a fixed number of nonreinforced responses

• for the 1st response after a variable amount of time

• for the 1st response after a fixed amount of time

• after a variable number of nonreinforced responses

After watching his father wash the car, 5-yr-old Moshi washes his bike; What does this illustrate?

• superstitious behaviour

• observational learning

• classical conditioning

• positive reinforcement