Unit 1 Test: Organelles, Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

In yeast cells, the process that occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration is called

• fermentation

• mastication

• phagocytosis

• transcription

The cardiovascular system transports materials around the body, taking nutrients from the digestive system to the tissues, moving oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and taking wastes to the kidneys where they are filtered and excreted. What functions does the cardiovascular system share with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell? Select that the two that best apply.

• movement of proteins

• digestion of materials

• site of protein synthesis

• transportation of materials

• lipid and steroid synthesis

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells. However, the functions of the different cells require that they have different organelles. What are the specialized structures found in plant cells, but NOT animal cells? Select the 3 that best apply.

• cell wall

• centrioles

• chloroplasts

• cell membrane

• central vacuole

We know that the purpose of photosynthesis is to convert light energy into usable chemical energy. That process takes several steps. One of the first steps in this energy conversion process is what?

• Energy from sunlight is converted into a usable form of chemical energy, glucose.

• Stored chemical energy in the forms of ATP and NADPH are transferred to the grand in order to produce glucose.

• Energy from sunlight is absorbed by the thylakoid membranes, used to decompose water and transform carbon dioxide.

• Energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy, in the form of NADPH and ATP.

Photosynthesis is composed of two main parts (light-dependent and light-independent). These reactions occur in different structures of the chloroplast. What is the term that best describes light independent reactions and where does it occur?

• Calvin cycle; stroma

• Photosystem I; stroma

• Photosystem II; thylakoid membranes

• Photosystem I and photosystem II; thylakoid membranes

In plants, both oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and exit the plant. Using what you know about photosynthesis and cellular respiration, explain what is happening with regard to these two gases.

• Unlike animals, plants use carbon dioxide in cellular respiration and produce oxygen

• Plants, as autotrophs, only undergo photosynthesis and both use and produce oxygen and carbon dioxide in this process.

• Plants require oxygen for photosynthesis and produce carbon dioxide. Plants then use the carbon dioxide produced in cellular respiration, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

• Plants require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and produce oxygen as a byproduct. Plants then use the oxygen released in cellular respiration, producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

Using the image above, which statement does NOT accurately describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

• Water is required for both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

• The products of cellular respiration can be used by plants for photosynthesis.

• The products of photosynthesis can be used by many organisms for cellular respiration.

• The sugar produced by plants and other autotrophs in photosynthesis can be used by many organisms as a reactant in cellular respiration.

Examine the photosynthesis model above. What is a correct conclusion about the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?

• without light energy from the sun, photosynthesis would still occur

• oxygen is an input into photosynthesis; carbon dioxide is an output

• carbon dioxide is the source of energy; oxygen is the chemical energy produced

• sunlight is the source of energy; plant sugars are the chemical energy produced

An animal cell: the human body. Different but also alike. Your brain is the control center of your body. What is the control center of this animal cell?

• nucleus

• ribosome

• Golgi body

• mitochondria

Imagine there are two different cells, cell A and cell B. Explain why lactic acid, carbon dioxide and only 2 ATP are produced in cell A and carbon dioxide, water and up to 32 ATP are produced in cell B.

• cell A is in an animal cell in an anaerobic environment and cell B is an animal cell in an aerobic environment

• cell A is an animal cell in an aerobic environment and cell B is an animal cell in an anaerobic environment

• cell A is a yeast cell in an anaerobic environment and cell B is an animal cell in an aerobic environment

• cell A is an animal cell in an aerobic environment and cell B is a yeast cell in an aerobic environment