Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

Confirmed that freedom of speech extends to students in public schools as long as their speech does not impede the functioning of the school

• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

• Engel v. Vitale

• Schenck v. United States

• McDonald v. Chicago

"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall . . . deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law"

• Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment

• Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

• Deprivation of Liberty Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

• Selective Incorporation Clause of the First Amendment

Application of the enumerated liberties and rights enshrined in the Bill of Rights to the states

• Equal protection

• Federal supremacy

• Selective incorporation

• Constitutional federalism

Confirmed that the right to legal counsel enshrined in the Sixth Amendment is applicable to state courts in addition to federal courts per the Fourteenth Amendment

• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

• Baker v. Carr

• Gideon v. Wainwright

Encouraged disobedience to laws that effectively denied citizens due process and/or equal protection on the basis of race

• Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972

• "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"

• Voting Rights Act of 1965

• Wilmot Proviso

Constitutional right that is not enumerated within the Bill of Rights, but rather confirmed by various Supreme Court decisions

• Right to peaceably assemble

• Right to petition

• Right to bear arms

• Right to privacy

Policies intended to provide equal opportunities to groups that have historically been victims of discrimination, especially in the fields of employment and education

• Equal protection

• Affirmative action

• Civil rights

• Racial quotas

Explicitly prohibits the carrying out of cruel and unusual punishment by the government

• Fourth Amendment

• Fifth Amendment

• Sixth Amendment

• Eighth Amendment

Confirmed that a prohibition of handgun ownership violates the right to bear arms enumerated in the Second Amendment

• Schenck v. United States

• Wisconsin v. Yoder

• District of Columbia v. Heller

• Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

Enshrines the right to protection against unreasonable searches and seizures

• Third Amendment

• Fourth Amendment

• Sixth Amendment

• Seventh Amendment