Protist review

Protists are alike in that all are:

• unicellular

• eukaryotic

• symbionts

• monophyletic

• autotrophic

Biologists have long been aware that the defunct kingdom Protista is paraphyletic. Which of these statements is both true and consistent with this conclusion?

• Many species within this kingdom were once classified as monerans.

• Animals, plants, and fungi arose from different protist ancestors.

• The eukaryotic condition has evolved only once among the protists, and all eukaryotes are descendants of that first eukaryotic cell.

• Chloroplasts among various protists are similar to those found in prokaryotes.

• Some protists, all animals, and all fungi share a protist common ancestor, but these protists, animals, and fungi are currently assigned to three different kingdoms.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

The strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles is the similarity between extant prokaryotes and which of the following?

• nuclei and chloroplasts

• cilia and mitochondria

• mitochondria and chloroplasts

• mitochondria and nuclei

• mitochondria and cilia

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?

• from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for proteins in energy-transfer reactions

• from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes

• by secondary endosymbiosis

• from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes

• when a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protobiont

A biologist discovers a new unicellullar organism that possesses more than two flagella and two small, but equal-sized, nuclei. The organism has reduced mitochondria (mitosomes), no chloroplasts, and is anaerobic. To which clade does this organism probably belong?

• monera

• euglena

• protista

• diplomonads

• ciliata

Which of the following statements concerning protists is false?

• All protists are eukaryotic organisms; many are unicellular or colonial.

• The primary organism that transmits malaria to humans by its bite is the tsetse fly.

• Cellular slime molds have an amoeboid stage that may be followed by a stage during which spores areproduced.

• Euglenozoans that are mixotrophic contain chloroplasts.

What is the unifying characteristic of lineage Opisthokonta?

• pseudopods

• feeding groove

• rear flagellum

• alveoli on cell membranes

When food is scarce, plasmodial slime molds form _______

The closest relatives of animals are _______

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

In addition to locomotion, the psuedopodia of the slime mold helps the amoeba with

• digestion

• engulfing prey

• protection

• dormancy

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2