This is a circuit-switched network. A dedicated circuit is established when the call is placed and remains in place throughout the call. The local loop uses analog signals over POTS (through regular telephone cable wires). The long distance network typically uses digital signaling over fiber optic. End-to-end speeds are limited to 56 Kbps, a restriction imposed by POTS in the local loop at each end. A modem is required to convert digital signals to analog. Remote access clients use this as a way to access the network or as a temporary or backup connection between sites.

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

This has the following characteristics: It is a circuit switching technology. It is a local loop technology. When calls reach the WAN cloud, they are converted to another protocol for transmission through the WAN. With BRI, you can use one channel for voice and one channel for data, or both channels for different voice calls. Depending on the implementation, you can also bond the B channels and use them together. PRI requires a CSU/DSU for the T1 line.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

This is an architecture in which multiple processor-controlled switching units are distributed. There is often a hierarchy of switching elements with a centralized host switch and remote switches located close to concentrations of users. Distributed switching: Is often used in telephone networks, though it is often called host-remote switching. Is used in rural areas, where population centers tend to be too small to economically deploy a full-featured dedicated telephone exchange. The distances between these centers make the transmission costs relatively high.

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

This lassification and data-carrying mechanism. It is a packet switching technology that supports variable-length frames. It adds a label to packets between the existing Network and Data Link layer formats. Labels are added when the packet enters the this type of network and are removed when the packet exits the network. Information in the label is used to switch the packet through this network to the destination.

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

This is a WAN technology that allows multiple signals to be carried along a single fiberoptic cable using different wavelengths of light for each signal. Dense of this can carry 40 or 80 different signals. Coarse of this can carry 16 different signals. Bidirectional of this that enables signals to travel in both directions along a cable.

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

This uses a single phone line with a modem. Dial-up uses a single 64-Kbps channel. Common data transfer rates include 14.4 Kbps, 28.8 Kbps, 33.3 Kbps, and 56 Kbps. Dial-up offers a minimum level of network connectivity for a low investment. It is available virtually anywhere that regular voice grade communications are available. Computers dial an access server at the ISP. You must configure the system with the ISP server's phone number, along with a user name and password to log on. The phone line cannot be used for voice and for the internet simultaneously.

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

This offers digital communications over existing POTS lines. Data is sent using multiplexed channels over existing telephone wiring. Implementation requires a specific router or a single network interface connected to the phone line. This service is not available everywhere; the location must be within a fixed distance of network switching equipment. There are several variations: asymmetrical, symmetrical, and very high.

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

Companies that provide cable television access typically offer internet access. Existing cable TV lines provide bandwidth for internet access. Cable internet uses the Data over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) that allows data signals to be sent on existing cable TV infrastructures. DOCSIS specifies channel widths, modulation techniques, and how core components of the network communicate. A cable modem is a device that connects a computer system to the internet using a cable television network. But a cable modem doesn't function as a modem anymore because it doesn't modulate and demodulate a signal between an analog network and a digital end device. Many cable internet service providers (ISPs) are migrating to a fully digital network, including their television signals. Because of this, cable modems on digital systems are not modems. They are called media converters or cable terminal devices.

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

Fiber provides internet access using light signals transmitted to the end user on fiberoptic cables. Fiber optic cables have an extremely low loss of signal, even over long distances, and aren’t at all affected by electromagnetic interference. Fiber optic internet access requires a fiber optic modem at your location to convert the light signal into something your home router can use, either for Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Like cable internet, the bandwidth provided by fiber optic is shared by everybody who’s on the same segment. But this type of network is so much faster that service providers can often guarantee 1 gigabit per second speeds to every home. With that kind of speed, every computer, tablet, phone, and TV in your house can use the same connection at the same time with little to no buffering or lag.

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

Satellite provides internet access by using signals transmitted to and received from orbiting satellites. Satellite service providers offer nearly 100% global network coverage, making local network infrastructure unnecessary. Satellite service is usually available when other internet access technologies are not. Satellite requires a local portable transmitter with an antenna (dish) and an unobstructed line of sight. Satellite reception is subject to atmospheric and weather conditions. Fog, rain, or snow can disrupt service.

Public switched telephone network (PTSN)

This uses a digital mobile phone network for internet access. Two main communication technologies are used with mobile networks: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) was created in Europe and is used by the majority of the world's mobile service providers. GSM uses time-division multiple access (TDMA) technology to allow multiple connections on the same frequency. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is used by the majority of mobile service providers in the United States. It enables multiple connections on the same frequency. With CDMA, each call is encoded with a unique key and then transmitted simultaneously. The unique keys are then used to extract each call from the transmission.

Broadband Over Power Line (BPL)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

This is frequently available at local businesses, hotels, airports, libraries, and mass transit. Additionally, many city and residential areas have coverage from an internet provider. Some providers offer a nationwide network of access points in public locations like airports. The networks in downtown areas allow limited roaming (moving) within the area of coverage. However, dead spots might limit access. The networks in residential areas are best suited for stationary clients.

Broadband Over Power Line (BPL)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

This is a system that transmits two-way data over the existing electrical distribution wiring. This service could be enabled within a single building or provided throughout a metropolitan area. This avoids the expense of a dedicated network of wires for data communication. Multiplexing is used to divide the electrical wiring into multiple channels used for data transmissions and electrical power delivery. Another version of this is used within a home to interconnect home computers and networking peripherals. The electrical connections in a home serve as a LAN to home computers and other networking devices that have an Ethernet port, like home entertainment devices. Configurations for this version of this typically include the following: An Ethernet cable connected to the computer (or peripheral) and a powerline adapter. Powerline adapters plugged into power outlets throughout the facility. An Ethernet connection established using the existing electrical wiring as the network medium.

Broadband Over Power Line (BPL)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

This offers digital communications over existing POTS lines or T1 lines. It is more common in Europe than in the United States. The transmission medium is divided into channels for digital data. Subscribers must be within a certain distance of the phone company equipment, although this distance can be extended with repeaters. Phone calls use digital of these types of phones or analog phones connected to a converter.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Broadband Over Power Line (BPL)

The username and password are sent in clear text to the remote server, which either accepts or rejects them. While this is the most simple form of authentication, for security concerns, it is no longer used.

Password Authenatication Protocol (PAP)

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

Network Authentication Protocol (NAP)

This uses a challenge/response (three-way handshake) mechanism to protect passwords. This is the only remote access authentication protocol that ensures that the same client or system exists throughout a communication session by repeatedly and randomly re-testing the validated system.

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

Password Authenatication Protocol (PAP)

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

Network Authentication Protocol (NAP)

This allows the client and server to negotiate the characteristics of authentication. When a connection is established, the client and server negotiate the authentication type that will be used based on the allowed or required authentication types configured on each device. This allows authentication using a variety of methods, including passwords, certificates, and smart cards.

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

Password Authenatication Protocol (PAP)

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

Network Authentication Protocol (NAP)

This is an authentication and authorization mechanism that uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for authorization. It is used in Microsoft implementations. It provides a single solution for authentication and authorization.

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)

Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus (TACACS+)

Separates authentication, authorization, and accounting into different services. Uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) on port 49. Allows the services to be on the same server or split between different servers. Supports more protocol suites than it's counterpart.

Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus (TACACS+)

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)

This is a VPN technology developed by Cisco that: Operates at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) Offers mutual authentication Does not encrypt data Merged with the deprecated Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) to create L2TP

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)

This is an open standard for secure multi-protocol routing. L2TP does the following: Operates at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) Supports multiple protocols (not just IP) Uses IPsec for encryption. Combining L2TP with IPsec (called L2TP/IPsec) provides:Per-packet data-origin authentication (non-repudiation)Replay protectionData confidentiality Is not supported by older operating systems Uses TCP port 1701 and UDP port 500

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)

This provides authentication and encryption, and it can be used in conjunction with L2TP or by itself as a VPN solution. IPsec includes two protocols that provide different features. Authentication Header (AH) provides authentication features. Use AH to enable authentication with IPsec. Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) provides data encryption. Use ESP to encrypt data.

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)

This protocol has long been used to secure traffic generated by IP protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and email. It can also be used as a VPN solution, typically in a remote access scenario. This does the following: Authenticates the server to the client using public key cryptography and digital certificates. Encrypts the entire communication session. Uses port 443, which is already open on most firewalls.

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)

This protocol works in a similar way to SSL, even though they are not interoperable. When securing a connection with a VPN, This: Authenticates the server to the client, using public key cryptography and digital certificates. Encrypts the entire communication session. Uses port 443 or port 3.0

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Authored by Drew Favat

Computers

9th - 12th Grade

Used 9+ times

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36 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

This WAN tech has a speed of 56 Kbps,
existing wires use only one twisted pair.
Analog signals are used through the local loop

Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

Ethernet

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

This WAN tech has a speed of 1.544 Mbps / 44.736 Mbps,
these lines usually run over two pairs of STP cabling
Can also run over other media like coaxial, fiber optic, or satellite.

T1 / T3

E1 / E3

J1 / J3

OC - 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

This WAN tech has a speed of 2.048 Mbps / 34.368 Mbps,
This system is widely deployed in Europe.

T1 / T3

E1 / E3

J1 / J3

OC - 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

This WAN tech has a speed of 1.544 Mbps / 32.064 Mbps,
This system is widely deployed in Japan

T1 / T3

E1 / E3

J1 / J3

OC - 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

This WAN tech has a speed of 51.84 Mbps and uses it as it's base,
this system uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to increase capacity of communication over fiber optic cabling.

T1 / T3

E1 / E3

J1 / J3

OC - 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

This is the collection of equipment that makes up the WAN network. It is owned and maintained by telecommunication companies. The physical structure varies and different networks with common connection points may overlap.

WAN cloud

Local Loop

Demarc

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

Packet switching exchange (PSE)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

This is the cable that extends from the central office to the customer location. This is owned and maintained by the WAN service provider.
It usually uses UTP, but it can also be implemented using fiber optic cabling or other media.

WAN cloud

Local Loop

Demarc

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

Packet switching exchange (PSE)

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Wide Area Networks (WAN)

This WAN tech has a speed of 56 Kbps,
existing wires use only one twisted pair.
Analog signals are used through the local loop

This WAN tech has a speed of 1.544 Mbps / 44.736 Mbps,
these lines usually run over two pairs of STP cabling
Can also run over other media like coaxial, fiber optic, or satellite.

This WAN tech has a speed of 2.048 Mbps / 34.368 Mbps,
This system is widely deployed in Europe.

This WAN tech has a speed of 1.544 Mbps / 32.064 Mbps,
This system is widely deployed in Japan

This WAN tech has a speed of 51.84 Mbps and uses it as it's base,
this system uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to increase capacity of communication over fiber optic cabling.

This is the collection of equipment that makes up the WAN network. It is owned and maintained by telecommunication companies. The physical structure varies and different networks with common connection points may overlap.

This is the cable that extends from the central office to the customer location. This is owned and maintained by the WAN service provider.
It usually uses UTP, but it can also be implemented using fiber optic cabling or other media.

When you contract with a local exchange carrier (LEC) for data or telephone services, the LEC installs a physical cable and a termination jack on the organization's premises. This marks the boundary between the telco equipment and the organization's network or telephone system.

Devices physically located on the subscriber's premises are referred to as this.
This includes both the wiring and devices that the subscriber owns and the equipment leased from the WAN provider. Can include the smart jack, demarc, local loop, copper line drivers, and repeaters.

This is a mega switch computer capable of handling an extremely large numbers of packets. Its job is to decide the circuit each packet will take. It is typically located in the central offices just inside the cloud.

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Discover more resources for Computers

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

This WAN tech has a speed of 56 Kbps, existing wires use only one twisted pair.Analog signals are used through the local loop

This WAN tech has a speed of 1.544 Mbps / 44.736 Mbps, these lines usually run over two pairs of STP cablingCan also run over other media like coaxial, fiber optic, or satellite.

This WAN tech has a speed of 2.048 Mbps / 34.368 Mbps, This system is widely deployed in Europe.

This WAN tech has a speed of 1.544 Mbps / 32.064 Mbps, This system is widely deployed in Japan

This WAN tech has a speed of 51.84 Mbps and uses it as it's base, this system uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to increase capacity of communication over fiber optic cabling.

This is the collection of equipment that makes up the WAN network. It is owned and maintained by telecommunication companies. The physical structure varies and different networks with common connection points may overlap.

This is the cable that extends from the central office to the customer location. This is owned and maintained by the WAN service provider.It usually uses UTP, but it can also be implemented using fiber optic cabling or other media.

When you contract with a local exchange carrier (LEC) for data or telephone services, the LEC installs a physical cable and a termination jack on the organization's premises. This marks the boundary between the telco equipment and the organization's network or telephone system.

Devices physically located on the subscriber's premises are referred to as this.This includes both the wiring and devices that the subscriber owns and the equipment leased from the WAN provider. Can include the smart jack, demarc, local loop, copper line drivers, and repeaters.

This is a mega switch computer capable of handling an extremely large numbers of packets. Its job is to decide the circuit each packet will take. It is typically located in the central offices just inside the cloud.

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Computers

This WAN tech has a speed of 56 Kbps,
existing wires use only one twisted pair.
Analog signals are used through the local loop

This WAN tech has a speed of 1.544 Mbps / 44.736 Mbps,
these lines usually run over two pairs of STP cabling
Can also run over other media like coaxial, fiber optic, or satellite.

This WAN tech has a speed of 2.048 Mbps / 34.368 Mbps,
This system is widely deployed in Europe.

This WAN tech has a speed of 1.544 Mbps / 32.064 Mbps,
This system is widely deployed in Japan

This WAN tech has a speed of 51.84 Mbps and uses it as it's base,
this system uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to increase capacity of communication over fiber optic cabling.

This is the cable that extends from the central office to the customer location. This is owned and maintained by the WAN service provider.
It usually uses UTP, but it can also be implemented using fiber optic cabling or other media.

Devices physically located on the subscriber's premises are referred to as this.
This includes both the wiring and devices that the subscriber owns and the equipment leased from the WAN provider. Can include the smart jack, demarc, local loop, copper line drivers, and repeaters.