Human Development_exam2_Sp23

Piaget ________________ children’s ability.

• overestimated
• underestimated
• accurately captured
• was completely inaccurate about

According to Piaget, during times of rapid cognitive change, children are in a state of ________.

• disequilibrium
• equilibrium
• organization
• accommodation

Baby Jennifer is shown a stuffed toy, which is then hidden under a cover. For the first time, Jennifer pushes aside the cover and grasps the toy. Jennifer is in Piaget’s substage of ________.

• mental representation (18 months–2 years)
• tertiary circular reactions (12–18 months)
• secondary circular reactions (4–8 months)
• coordination of secondary circular reactions (8–12 months)

At the end of the first year, babies use ________ to direct adults’ attention, influence their behavior, and convey helpful information.

• overextensions
• telegraphic speech
• preverbal gestures
• conversational give-and-take

One year old Vera thinks that “cup” only refers to her favorite blue cup. This is an example of what type of common lexical error?

• Underextension
• Telegraphic speech
• Overregularization
• Bootstrapping

In Piaget’s three-mountains problem, 3-year-old Madison is asked which image matches what the doll sees. Instead of choosing the image that represents the doll’s perspective, she chooses the image that reflects her own vantage point. Madison demonstrates ________.

• an egocentric response
• animistic thinking
• centration
• a nonegocentric response

When presented with Piaget’s conservation tasks, 9-year-old Raphael demonstrates reversibility. This means that Ramon can ________.

• focus on several aspects of a problem and then center on just one
• think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction
• order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight
• focus on relations between a general category and two specific categories at the same time

When Maia had to learn the state capitals, she grouped the states by region to assist her memory. Which memory strategy did Maia use?

• elaboration
• organization
• rehearsal
• taxonomical grouping

In a classroom, Piaget would advocate for the use of

• scaffolding while Vygotsky’s classroom would involve discovery learning.
• guided participation by teachers and knowledge peers while Vygotsky’s classroom would involve task analysis.
• task analysis while Vygotsky’s classroom would involve discovery learning
• discovery learning while Vygotsky’s classroom would involve the guided participation of teachers and knowledgeable peers.

Amber can quickly and accurately arrange crayons from lightest to darkest. This demonstrates a capacity for

• animism.
• centration
• seriation
• transitional thinking