Research and Program Evaluation

The most valuable type of research is...

• always conducted using a factor analysis

• conducted using the chi-square

• the experiment, used to discover cause and effect relationships

• the quasi experiment

Occam's Razor suggest that experimenters

• interpret the results in the simplest manner

• interpret the results in the most complex manner

• interpret the results using the correlation coefficient

• interpret the results using a clinical interview

Experiments emphasize parsimony which means

• interpreting the results in the simplest way

• interpreting the results in the most complex way

• interpreting the results using a correlation coefficient

• interpreting the results using a clinical interview

A counselor educator is running and experiment to test a new form of counseling. Unbeknownst to the experimenter one of the clients in the study is seeing a gestalt therapist. This experiment

• is parsimonious

• is an example of Occam's Razor

• is confounded/flawed

• is valid and will most likely help the field of counseling.

Nondirective is the person-centered as

• psychological testing is to counseling

• confounding is to experimenting

• appraisal is to research

• parsimony is to Occam's Razor

An experiment is said to be confounded when

• undesirable variables are not kept out of the expiriment

• undesirable variables are kept out of the experiment

• basic research is used in place of applied research

• the sample is random

A professor of counselor education hypothesized that biofeedback training could reduce anxiety and improve the average score on written board exams. If this professor decides to conduct a formal experiment the IV will be the _________ and the DV will be the ________

• professor: anxiety level

• Anxiety level: board exam score

• Biofeedback: board exam score

• Board exam score: biofeedback

Answer explanation

the independent variable is what you manipulate or experiment with

Experimenters should always abide by a code of ethics. The variable you manipulate/control in an experiment is the

• DV

• Dependent Variable

• The variable you will measure to determine the outcome

• Independent variable

Hypothesis testing is most closely related to the work of

• Robert Hoppock

• Sigmund Freud

• Lloyd Morgan

• R.A. Fisher

From a purely statistical standpoint, in order to compare a control group (which does not receive the IV) to the experimental group the researcher will need...

• a correlation coefficient

• only descriptive statistics

• percentile rank

• a test of significance

Answer explanation

A test of significance is a statistical test used to determine if the difference between two means exists.