Psychology Review - Thinking and Cognition

Our mental image that best represents a category is called a...

• Insight

• Heuristic

• Prototype

• Algorithm

• Retrieval

Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?

• Divergent Thinking

• Convergent Thinking

• Intrinsic Motivation

• Availability Heuristic

• Representative Heuristic

Which type of problem solving technique is methodical, logical, and will always lead to a correct answer if there is one?

• Heuristic

• Insight

• Algorithm

• Convergent Thinking

• Divergent Thinking

What is our tendency to think we know or can perform better or more accurately than we really can?

• Confirmation Bias

• Overconfidence

• Intuition

• Insight

• Algorithm

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates

• the representativeness heuristic.

• the availability heuristic

• belief perseverance.

• divergent thinking.

• a prototype.

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

• the availability heuristic.

• belief perseverance.

• an algorithm.

• the representativeness heuristic.

• fixation.

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

• prototypes.

• heuristics.

• phonemes.

• algorithms.

• framing.

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 

• functional fixedness.
• the availability heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?

• availability heuristic
• insight
• prototype confusion
• confirmation bias

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 

• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• an algorithm.
• the representativeness heuristic.