Why should pts stop smoking as soon as possible with scheduled surgery?

• Delays wound healing

• Increases difficult clearing airway

• Causes strokes

• Causes pneumonia

Which age group has less physiological capacity to adapt to the stress of surgery?

• Adolescents

• School aged children

• Older adults

• Adults

Why does surgery increase the need for nutrition?

• Adequate nutrition prevents internal bleeding

• Adequate nutrition promotes tissue repair

• Adequate nutrition decreases edema

• Adequate nutrition increases resistance to infection

What happens as a pt's weight increases?

• Decreased ventilation and heart function

• Increased risk of post op atelectasis, pneumonia, and death

• Increased risk for pressure injuries

• Increased ventilation and heart function

Partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep

• Hypoventilation sleep apnea

• Pulmonic sleep apnea

• Central sleep apnea

• Obstructive sleep apnea

What changes happen to the body during obstructive sleep apnea?

• Decreased cardiac output

• Decreased sympathetic output

• Decreased oxygen saturation

• Decreased blood pressure

What is risky for a pt with obstructive sleep apnea?

• Incentive spirometry

• Conscious sedation

• Post op ambulation

• Drinking

Immunosuppression imposes what risks with surgery?

• Amputation

• Risk for infection

• Inadequate wound healing

• Blood clotting

What happens due to stress response from surgery?

• Negative nitrogen balance

• Hyperglycemia

• Water and sodium retention

• Potassium loss

Which pts have a greater risk of fluid and electrolyte alterations due to surgery?

• Preexisting diabetes and renal diseases

• GI or cardiovascular abnormalities

• Spine and bone defmormities

• Brain or nerve damage