13 basic endocrinology

Which of the following hormones is secreted directly into the bloodstream?

• Endocrine
• Exocrine
• Paracrine
• Neurocrine

What class of hormones are hydrophobic and require a carrier protein molecule?

• Amine
• Peptide
• Steroid
• Glycoprotein

Which of the following statements concerning adrenal cortical hormones is true?

• Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, is produced by the zona glomerulosa cells.
• Aldosterone, a glucocorticoid, is produced by the zona reticularis cells.
• Cortisol, a mineralocorticoid, is produced by the zona fasciculata cells.
• Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, is produced by the zona glomerulosa.

What is the body’s feedback mechanism when there is decreased thyroid hormone production?

• Inhibition of the hypothalamus to decrease TRH synthesis
• Stimulation of the pituitary gland to increase TSH production
• Stimulation of the thyroid to increase thyroxine iodination
• Inhibition of the thyroid gland to secrete T3 and T4 hormones

A 58-year old female was seen by her primary care physician with chief complaints of fatigue, hair loss, dry skin, and cold intolerance. Her laboratory results correlate with which of the following diseases? TSH 5.9 mIU/L (0.4-4.0) T4 4.0 µg/dL (5.0-10.0)

• Primary hypothyroidism
• Primary hyperthyroidism
• Secondary hypothyroidism
• Secondary hyperthyroidism

Which of the following tests should be included in a sepsis bundle as a quality indicator?

• Insulin
• Calcitonin
• Procalcitonin
• Dehydroepiandrosterone

Which of the following drugs falsely elevates the plasma renin activity and interferes with plasma aldosterone measurements?

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Corticosteroid injections
• ACE inhibitors

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose concentrations by (1) enabling glucose to enter muscle cells, which promotes glucose utilization, and (2) enabling glucose to enter liver cells, which promotes glycogenesis?

• A) Glucagon
• B) Insulin
• C) Cortisol
• D) Epinephrine

Given the following patient data, what additional test is needed for the endocrinologist to make a definitive diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma? PTH 49 pg/mL (15.0-65.0) Calcium 5.2 mg/dL (8.6-10.0)

• Calcitonin
• Growth hormone
• 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid
• Thyroid stimulating hormone

A patient was scheduled for fasting blood work in the morning and an afternoon appointment with the endocrinologist. The a.m. cortisol was 15.0 µg/dL. The endocrinologist ordered a timed cortisol immediately prior to the 4 p.m. appointment. While reviewing the results, the provider noted that the p.m. cortisol was 7.5 µg/dL. What is the most likely explanation for these results?

• Addison’ s disease
• Cushing’ s syndrome
• Diurnal variation
• Reagent deterioration