7.1 & 7.2 Quiz - Medieval Christian Europe

Justinian contributed to the flourishing of the Byzantine Empire after Rome’s decline by...

• freeing slaves throughout the empire.

• reforming the laws of ancient Rome.

• reducing poverty in Constantinople.

• reviving the traditions of ancient Greece.

Answer explanation

Justinian contributed to the flourishing of the Byzantine Empire after Rome’s decline by reforming the legal system, expanding the empire’s borders, and promoting the spread of Christianity. He codified Roman law into the Corpus Juris Civilis, which provided a unified legal system throughout the empire. He also reconquered much of the former Western Roman Empire, expanding the empire’s borders and increasing its wealth. Finally, Justinian was a devout Christian and promoted the spread of Christianity throughout the empire, which helped to unify the people and create a strong sense of identity.

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7.1 Early Medieval Europe

How did Justinian’s Code influence Western political and legal traditions?

• It provided useful models for modern political campaigns.

• It encouraged European rulers to decentralize their power.

• It codified principles that many legal systems still use.

• It supported the development of parliamentary democracy.

Answer explanation

Justinian's Code was a collection of laws and legal interpretations compiled by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century. It was the first comprehensive compilation of Roman law and served as the basis for much of the legal systems of Europe and the Middle East. Justinian's Code had a profound influence on Western political and legal traditions. It established the concept of a unified legal system, codifying laws that had previously been scattered throughout various sources. It also established the concept of a single, authoritative source of law, which was a major departure from the previous system of relying on custom and tradition. Additionally, Justinian's Code established the concept of a legal system based on reason and logic, rather than on custom and tradition. This concept of a rational legal system has been a cornerstone of Western legal systems ever since. Finally, Justinian's Code established the concept of a unified legal system that could be applied to all citizens, regardless of their social status. This concept of equality before the

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7.1 Early Medieval Europe

How did the fall of Rome impact Western Europe?

• Trade slowed greatly, and Western Europe became politically divided.

• Cities grew rapidly, and Western Europe’s economies expanded.

• Western Europe’s contact with advanced civilizations in Asia increased.

• Waves of Roman immigrants settled in a thriving Western Europe.

Answer explanation

The fall of Rome had a profound impact on Western Europe. It marked the end of the Roman Empire, which had been a major political, economic, and cultural force in the region for centuries. The fall of Rome also led to the decline of Latin as the language of learning and communication, and the rise of the vernacular languages of the various regions of Europe. This had a major impact on the development of literature, art, and culture in the region. Additionally, the fall of Rome led to the fragmentation of political power in Europe, with the rise of smaller, independent states and kingdoms. This fragmentation of power led to a period of political instability and warfare, which lasted for centuries. Finally, the fall of Rome also led to the decline of the Roman Catholic Church as the dominant religious force in Europe, and the rise of Protestantism.

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7.1 Early Medieval Europe

How did Germanic tribes carve Europe into small kingdoms?

• Germanic leaders formed strong alliances.

• Germanic traders set up free-trade zones.

• Germanic priests unified religious groups.

• Germanic kings waged wars of conquest.

Answer explanation

The Germanic tribes were a group of nomadic people who migrated from Scandinavia and Northern Germany in the early Middle Ages. They settled in various parts of Europe, including the British Isles, France, and the Low Countries. As they settled, they established small kingdoms, often based on tribal or family ties. These kingdoms were often quite small, with limited resources and power. They were often at odds with each other, leading to frequent wars and skirmishes. Over time, these small kingdoms were consolidated into larger ones, leading to the formation of the modern European nations.

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7.1 Early Medieval Europe

Which of the following best describes the significance of Pope Leo III’s crowning of Charlemagne as the Emperor of the Romans?

• It helped Charlemagne battle Muslims in Spain.

• It reunited the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire.

• It brought back the ideal of uniting Christendom.

• It led to the break-up of Charlemagne’s kingdom after his death.

Answer explanation

Pope Leo III's crowning of Charlemagne as the Emperor of the Romans was a significant event in European history as it marked the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire. This event was seen as a revival of the Roman Empire and was a major step in the development of the medieval European political system. It also helped to strengthen the power of the papacy and the Catholic Church, as Charlemagne was seen as a defender of the faith.

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7.1 Early Medieval Europe

How would you BEST describe the factors contributing to the development of the political and social system of feudalism?

• Vandals, Goths, and Saxons arriving in Europe caused great economic

  growth.

• The population of cities declined so rapidly that rulers could not maintain order.

• Invasions led to the development of a new system to provide protection.

• The powerful Roman army continued to safeguard citizens of the empire.

Answer explanation

Feudalism was a political and social system that developed in Europe during the Middle Ages. It was based on the exchange of land for military service and loyalty. The system was hierarchical, with the king at the top, followed by the nobility, the clergy, and the peasantry. The nobility held the most power and were responsible for providing protection and justice to the people in their fiefs. The clergy provided spiritual guidance and education, while the peasantry provided labor and resources. Feudalism was a system of mutual obligation and loyalty, with each group having specific rights and responsibilities.

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7.2 Feudalism and the Manor Economy

What was the role of knights and nobles in the feudal system?

• Chivalry served them as a way to attain positions of power.

• They managed estates on behalf of the peasants.

• They were mainly involved in manor duties and competing in tournaments.

• As vassals, they swore loyalty and provided military service.

Answer explanation

Knights and nobles played a major role in the feudal system. They were the ruling class, and held the most power and wealth. They were responsible for protecting the people and lands of their lord, and in return they were granted land and other privileges. They also had the responsibility of providing military service to their lord, and were expected to fight in wars and battles. They were also responsible for administering justice and maintaining law and order in their lord's lands.

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7.2 Feudalism and the Manor Economy

Which describes how noblewomen contributed to the economic system of

manorialism?

• They brought dowry income to their lord’s manor.

• They managed the daily activities of their manor.

• They fostered trade among peasants on their manor.

• They left the manor to support their lord during war.

Answer explanation

Noblewomen played an important role in the economic system of manorialism by managing the estates of their husbands and overseeing the production of goods. They were responsible for the day-to-day running of the estate, including the supervision of the peasants and the collection of rents and taxes. They also had the power to grant land and rights to peasants, and to make decisions about the use of resources. Noblewomen also had the authority to make decisions about the sale of goods and the distribution of profits.

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7.2 Feudalism and the Manor Economy

What was the obligation of nobles to the peasants on their estates?

• To help them become self-sufficient.

• To provide a mill for them to use for free.

• To provide them with protection and land to farm.

• To pay them for their work.

Answer explanation

The obligation of nobles to the peasants on their estates was to provide protection and justice in exchange for labor and taxes. Nobles were expected to provide protection from outside threats, such as bandits or invading armies, and to ensure justice was served in disputes between peasants. In exchange, peasants were expected to provide labor and taxes to the noble. This labor could include farming, building, or other tasks, and the taxes could be in the form of money or goods.

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7.2 Feudalism and the Manor Economy

Which could MOST likely have led to low life expectancy for peasants?

• They could be hurt while away from the manor on the lord's service.

• They received no or inadequate medical treatment for their illnesses.

• They could be at risk of injury or death during attacks by rival lords.

• They worked hard and had poor diets, so were vulnerable to disease.

Answer explanation

Low life expectancy for peasants could have been caused by a variety of factors, including poor nutrition, inadequate medical care, and dangerous working conditions. Poor nutrition could have been caused by a lack of access to nutritious food, or by a lack of knowledge about proper nutrition. Inadequate medical care could have been caused by a lack of access to medical care, or by a lack of knowledge about proper medical care. Dangerous working conditions could have been caused by a lack of safety regulations, or by a lack of resources to make the working environment safer.

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7.2 Feudalism and the Manor Economy