During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of

• the automatic processing of space/place.

• relearning.

• effortful processing

• the serial position effect.

Recorded information played during sleep is registered by the ears but is not remembered. This illustrates that the retention of information requires

• chunking.

• proactive interference.

• state-dependent memory.

• effortful processing

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

• the spacing effect.

• chunking.

• automatic processing.

• the serial position effect.

Tim, a third-grader, learns the sentence “George Eats Old Gray Rats And Paints Houses Yellow” to help him remember the spelling of “geography.” Tim is using

• a mnemonic device.

• the peg-word system.

• priming

• the spacing effect.

James took special classes to learn Spanish in elementary school. As a young adult, he decided to serve in the Peace Corps and was sent to Guatemala. While he had forgotten most of his early Spanish training, he quickly remembered it. This illustrates that

• the speed of relearning confirms that information is stored and accessible.

• retroactive interference does not affect the recall of childhood memories.

• priming causes us to forget specific memories from a web of associations.

• source amnesia does not influence learning that occurs before a person is 8 years old.

Repression of sexual abuse and motivated forgetting of gambling losses most clearly involve a failure in

• storage

• iconic memory.

• long-term potentiation.

• retrieval.

The smell of freshly baked bread awakened in Mr. Hutz vivid memories of his early childhood. The aroma apparently acted as a powerful

• spacing effect.

• mnemonic

• implicit memory.

• retrieval cue.

Peterson and Peterson asked people to count aloud backward after they were presented with three consonants. This study found that ________ memories have a limited duration without active processing and rehearsal.

• echoic

• short-term

• mood-congruent

• flashbulb

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory.

• sensory

• state-dependent

• implicit

• long-term

Visually associating five items needed from the grocery store with mental images of a bun, a shoe, a tree, a door, and a hive best illustrates the use of

• rosy retrospection.

• the spacing effect.

• implicit memory.

• the peg-word system.