AP EURO: Ch 23: The Age of Nationalism

Napoleon Bonaparte's nephew who was elected leader of France and eventually overthrew the Second Republic. He seized power in a coup and declared himself as Emperor, ruled as an authoritarian, and ratified his position using plebiscites like Napoleon Bonaparte. He promised economic growth, which led to France's economy booming, however his power greatly weakened after the Crimeon War.

• Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III)

• Louis XVI

• Napoleon II

• Charles Napoleon

The term for the unification of Italy: a movement for the Italian unification and independence in the 19th century which led to the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula forming into a single state in 1851. It was caused by the reforms introduced by the French when they dominated Italy after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars and was led by garibaldi in 1848.

Italian word for "rising again".

• Risorgimento

• Italian unification

• Greater Italy

• Realpolitik

The first king of independent, unified Italy. He worked to unify Italy as well as free it from foreign control.

• Victor Emmanuel II

• Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III)

• Otto von Bismarck

• Camilo Cavour

A Italian general, revolutionary, and republican who led the Risorgimento. He stood in opposition to the oppression of the Italian people, and his revolutionary instincts inspired people on both sides of the Atlantic. He almost single-handedly united Northern and Southern Italy.

• Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Otto von Bismarck

• Camilo Cavour

• Victor Emmanuel II

The prime minister of Prussia and was the first chancellor and the founder of the German empire. He was an anti-republican authoritarian, a brilliant and practical leader, and focused on the growth of the Prussian military. While he was conservative, he promoted reforms such as universal male suffrage and the first welfare state to try to achieve his goals. He also wanted to grow Prussian territory, even if it meant turning on allies.

• Otto von Bismarck

• Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Camilo Cavour

• Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III)

A German tern referring to political practice based on careful calculation of real-world conditions rather than ethical ideals or ideological assumptions, employed by Bismarck and other nineteenth century politicians.

• Realpolitik

• Humanism

• Reichstag

• Richorgimento

A war in 1870 between France and Prussia which was provoked by nationalistic fervor. This war was a humiliating defeat for France, especially for Napoleon III because it resulted in him getting captured, his government being overthrown, and losing the border territorties of Alscare-Lorraine. It also led to the growing tensions between France and Germany; which play major parts in both world wars.

• Franco-Prussian War

• Hundred Years' War

• Crimeon War

• Dreyfus Affair

The unification of the northern German states under Prussian control while excluding Austria as an attempt to strengthen the Prussian economy and decline Austria's military and economic power. It ultimately altered the power balance established by the Congress of Vienna because it created a large, powerful, and wealthy nation in centralized Europe. It wasn't fully united into 1871; after the Franco-Prussian War Prussia gained more territory, forming the German Empire.

• German Unification

• Greater Germany

• Richorgimento

• Manifest Destiny

Civil war that took place in America between the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South) over disagreements about economic policies and practices, the reach of the federal government, and whether or not to abolish slavery. The war ended after a confederate general, Robert E. Lee, surrendered his troops to General Ulysses S. Grant in 1865. After, slavery was abolished nationwide and all states that separated from the U.S. during the war were readmitted.

• United States Civil War

• American Revolution

• Crimeon War

• Manifest Destiny

The first prime minister of unified Italy. He tried to benefit its economy by signing treaties with France, Belgium, and England and wanted to have a political alliance with Austria.

• Camilo Cavour

• Otto von Bismarck

• Victor Emmanuel II

• Giuseppe Garibaldi