Module 48

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness and showing distress on separation. (a)  

• Attachment
• Stranger Anxiety
• Critical Period
• Imprinting

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

• Attachment

• Stranger Anxiety

• Critical Period

• Imprinting

An optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development.

• Attachment

• Stranger Anxiety

• Critical Period

• Imprinting

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

• Attachment

• Stranger Anxiety

• Critical Period

• Imprinting

Demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregiver’s return

• Secure attachment

• Insecure Attachment

• Anxious Attachment

• Avoidant attachment

demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment that resists closeness

• Secure attachment

• Insecure Attachment

• Anxious Attachment

• Avoidant attachment

People constantly crave acceptance but remain vigilant to signs of possible rejection.

• Secure attachment

• Insecure Attachment

• Anxious Attachment

• Avoidant attachment

people experience discomfort getting close to thers and use avoidant strategies to maintain distance from others

• Secure attachment

• Insecure Attachment

• Anxious Attachment

• Avoidant attachment

impose rules and demand obedience

Children: less social skills, low self-esteem, brain overreacts when they make mistakes

• Authoritarian parents

• Authoritative parents

• Permissive parents

• Negligent parents

set rules but allow open discussion and exceptions

Children: highest self-esteem, self-reliance, self-regulation, social competence

• Authoritarian parents

• Authoritative parents

• Permissive parents

• Negligent parents