Introductory Psychology Clep Review

Which of the following illustrates drive reduction?

• A person wins five dollars in the lottery.

• A dog burned by a hot stove avoids the stove thereafter.

• A child who likes music turns up the volume of the radio.

• A dog salivates at the sound of a tone previously paired with fresh meat.

• A woman who is cold puts on a warm coat.

Developmental psychologists are most likely to prefer longitudinal research designs to cross-sectional research designs because longitudinal designs

• usually yield results much more quickly

• offer the advantage of between-subjects comparisons

• are much less likely to be influenced by cultural changes that occur over time

• utilize the participants as their own experimental controls

• are more valid

If the null hypothesis is rejected, a researcher can conclude that the

• treatment effect was significant

• theory must be modified, a new hypothesis formed, and the experimental procedure revised

• theory does not need modification, but the hypothesis and the experimental procedure need revision

• theory and hypothesis do not need modification, but the experimental procedure needs revision

• hypothesis is false

According to current psychological research, hypnosis is most useful for which of the following purposes?

• pain control

• age regression

• treatment of psychotic behavior

• treatment of memory disorder

• treatment of a personality disorder

The statement “Response latency is the number

of seconds that elapses between the stimulus and

the response” is an example of

• introspection

• a description of an interaction

• a deduction

• an operational definition

• free association

As blind children learn to read braille, the

amount of sensory cortex devoted to their finger

tips increases. Which process is responsible for

this allotment of brain activity?

• Plasticity

• Lateralization

• Synesthesia

• Place theory

• Transduction

Which of the following is true of recall performance on a typical forgetting curve?

• It decreases rapidly at first, and then it levels off.

• It decreases slowly at first, and then it drops off quite sharply.

• It decreases at a steady rate until it reaches a near-zero level.

• t remains steady for about the first week, and then it begins a gradual decline.

• It increases for the first few hours after learning, and then it decreases very slowly over the next few weeks.

The use of projective tests is associated with which of the following psychological approaches?

• behaviorism

• psychoanalysis

• cognitive behaviorism

• humanism

• functionalism

Shortly after learning to associate the word “dog” with certain four-legged furry animals, young children will frequently misidentify a cow or a horse as a dog. This phenomenon is best viewed as an example of

• differentiation

• negative transfer

• imprinting

• overextension

• linear perspective

One theory of the effects of arousal holds that efficiency of behavior can be described as an inverted U-shaped function of increasing arousal. Which of the following accurately describes this relationship?

• Greater arousal leads to better performance.

• Greater arousal leads to poorer performance.

• Low and high levels of arousal lead to poorest performance.

• Overarousal leads to performance efficiency.

• Underarousal leads to performance efficiency