Describe the interaction between cyclin and CdK.

cyclin interacts with CdK to initiate the mitotic phase

cyclin is the precursor to CdK, when synthesized allow for mitosis proceed

cyclin acts as an inhibitor to CdK to wait for all DNA to be synthesized

cyclin binds to CdK to initiate DNA replication

If a medicine works by blocking a secondary messenger, what effect would it have on that cell signaling pathway?

It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response

It would increase the response if the pathway

It would trigger the release of more ligands

It would activate the transcription of a desired gene

Which of the following describes anaphase?

Sister chromatids are separated and kinetochores begin pulling chromosomes to opposite poles

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane is broken down

Spindle fibers attach to centromeres and begin moving sister chromatids towards the cell's equator

Chromosomes decondense and two nuclei form within the cell

What is the end result of mitosis?

2 genetically identical diploid cells

4 genetically unique haploid cells

2 genetically unique daughter cells

What would happen is protein phosphatases were defective?

Cancerous cells would take advantage and grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle cannot shut down.

Cancerous cells would take advantage and grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle will shut down.

Gametes would take advantage and grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle cannot shut down.

Gametes would take advantage and grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle will shut down.

What evidence is there that cell communication is a process that has evolved over billions of years?

The processes are very similar in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Only cells with a nucleus are able to communicate effectively

Eukaryotic cells have much more advanced signaling pathways

Prokaryotic cells are much more efficient at communicating.

Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?

Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence

Activation of a G-protein receptor

A mutation in a cell membrane receptor would most likely have what effect on a signal transduction pathway?

Reduce the response of the pathway

An alternative response will be expressed

Increase ligand release from the effector cell

This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?

Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins

A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor

Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells

cAMP is formed activating a desired response

What is a catabolic reaction?

A reaction that breaks down complex molecules into their components

A reaction that requires an input of energy

A reaction that forms complex molecules from simple building blocks

A reaction that releases energy

Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body when they are released?

A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected

All cells are affected by a hormone when it is released

A cell must have the proper ATP levels to activate a cellular response

Cells need compatible DNA for the hormone to activate transcription of a gene

Why do mutations in receptor proteins affect cell signaling?

The receptor needs the proper sequence of amino acids to interact with the cell membrane

The receptor needs a specific shape to bind to it's ligand

The receptor must have the right polarity to interact with it's ligand

If a medicine works by blocking a secondary messenger, what effect would it have on that cell signaling pathway?

It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response

It would increase the response if the pathway

It would trigger the release of more ligands

It would activate the transcription of a desired gene

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

Immune cells releasing inflammatory cytokines

Breathing faster to release excess CO 2

Shivering to increase blood temperature

How is negative feedback different from positive feedback?

Negative feedback works to reverse a change in a system

Negative feedback harms the body

Negative feedback is rarer than positive

Negative feedback is slower than positive feedback

What important event happens during the S-phase of the cell cycle?

The nuclear membrane breaks down

Which of the following describes anaphase?

Sister chromatids are separated and kinetochores begin pulling chromosomes to opposite poles

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane is broken down

Spindle fibers attach to centromeres and begin moving sister chromatids towards the cell's equator

Chromosomes decondense and two nuclei form within the cell

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

Ensure genetic material is properly transferred to daughter cells

Evenly divide the cytoplasm of the cell

Creating an exact copy of a cell's genetic material

Protect an organism from mutations

What is the end result of mitosis?

2 genetically identical diploid cells

4 genetically unique haploid cells

2 genetically unique daughter cells

How are cancerous cell different from healthy cells?

The have a much shorter cell cycle

They do not need nutrients to survive

They are reliant upon density dependent inhibition

They have twice as much genetic material

How are cyclins and CDKs involved with the cell cycle?

Cyclins activate CDKs, which perform the work of cell division

Cyclins stop the cell cycle from proceeding

Cyclins and CDKs make up a protein ring used to perform cytokinesis

CDKs are secreted from cells to trigger division in neighboring cells

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Jasmine Cannon

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mitosis

apoptosis

Which of the following is the stage where the cell no longer divides?

G₀

G₁

G₂

Which of the following describes the order of the steps in mitosis?

metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

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What are the three parts of signal transduction pathway?

Transduction step traditionally amplifies the signal, which of the following are NOT involved with transduction?

Describe what occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor.

Which of the following is NOT a response by the cell from a signal transduction pathway?

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the cell cycle?

Which of the following is the stage where the cell no longer divides?

Which of the following describes the order of the steps in mitosis?

Describe the interaction between cyclin and CdK.

Mitosis results in...

Plant cells can exchange small soluble compounds with neighboring cells directly through junctions in the cell wall called -

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