5.4.23 - Topic 7 - Evolution - Keystone Review

Two closely related shrimp species have habitats and niches that partially overlap. Which factor most likely caused the divergence of the shrimp into separate species?

• reproductive isolation

• reduction of food supply

• a series of rapid mutations

• large initial population size

Answer explanation

Shrimp that occupy separate habitats and niches are more likely to reproduce with nearby shrimp, eventually leading to speciation.

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The diagram shows the forelimbs of three animals. Which statement best describes the bones in the animals?

• All organisms on Earth have the same bones.

• Different bones in similar species serve the same function.

• The species that are the most evolved have the longest bones.

• Similar bones in different organisms may have different functions.

Answer explanation

This is the definition of homologous structures.

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Which statement best describes how geographic isolation can contribute to land animal speciation?

• Geographic isolation physically separates populations but allows them to interact.

• Geographic isolation physically separates populations and prevents them from interacting.

• Geographic isolation causes genetic changes in individual organisms but allows them to interact.

• Geographic isolation causes genetic changes in individual organisms and prevents them

  from interacting.

Answer explanation

Geographic isolation involves a physical separation of

populations that prevents their interaction.

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Whales have vestigial femurs and pelvic bones. Which statement explains why the vestigial structures are most likely present in whales?

• Whales evolved over time from ancestors that lived on land.

• Whales evolved over time from fish species that once lived on land.

• Hind legs are an adaptation in whales that is selected for as they evolve into land mammals.

• Hind legs are an evolutionary adaptation observed in whales that walk along the ocean

  floor.

Answer explanation

A pelvis and a femur are evolutionary remnants that indicate whales likely once walked on land.

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Four pieces of evidence collected by scientists are listed. How did the scientists most likely use these pieces of evidence?

• to support the cell theory

• to support the theory of evolution

• to explain the process of DNA replication

• to explain the process of genetic mutations

Answer explanation

Genetic code, natural selection, and anatomical and

embryological similarities are all evidence for the theory of

evolution.

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Which statement best describes how scientists use the Yawunik fossil evidence to support its evolutionary relationship to other arthropods?

• They interpret the similar anatomy of other arthropods.

• They identify the DNA of several other similar arthropods.

• They locate other arthropod fossils in the Burgess Shale area.

• They compare embryological development to other arthropods.

Answer explanation

The scientists compared the anatomical and structural

similarities to modern arthropods and other arthropod fossils.

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The frequency of an allele in a fl y population changes from 89% to 20% after three generations. Which other events most likely occurred during the same time period?

• an environmental change and a fly population increase

• an environmental change and a fly population decrease

• interbreeding of flies with an invasive species and fly population speciation

• interbreeding of flies with an established local species and fly population speciation

Answer explanation

An environmental change that did not favor the individuals in the populati on with the allele most likely led to the change in allele frequency; since the allele frequency decreased by so much, there would had to have been a decrease in the populati on within a three-generati on period of ti me.

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The graph shows the frequency of two traits, 1 and 2, in a population.

Part A: Use information from the circle graph to infer which trait is most likely favored by natural selection.

Part B: Explain how natural selection could lead to the trait distribution shown in the circle graph.

Part C: Scientists predict that over time 0% of the population will have trait 2. Explain why this change in trait distribution could result in negative consequences for the population.

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Tail length in mice varies within a population. Scientists observed change in the distribution of tail lengths in a mouse population over time. At the genetic level, what has most likely happened to the allele for the shortest tail lengths?

• The allele changed from being dominant to being recessive.

• The allele changed from being autosomal to being sex-linked.

• The allele became less frequent than the alleles for longer tail lengths.

• The allele began to code for long tail lengths instead of the shortest ones.

Answer explanation

Natural selecti on can cause changes in the allele frequency of a populati on—mice with short tails were not as successful in reproducing as were mice with longer tails due to environmental influences.

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Overuse of antibiotics has caused antibiotic resistance in some bacteria in a population. Which statement describes the most likely impact of natural selection on the bacterial population?

• Beneficial mutations have decreased, resulting in a larger population than normal.

• Only the genes for antibiotic resistance are now expressed, eliminating other genes.

• More antibiotic-resistant bacteria have survived, resulting in more offspring with this trait.

• The bacteria have become genetically isolated, resulting in decreased reproductive rates.

Answer explanation

Natural selection suggests that a beneficial trait, like

antibiotic resistance, will allow bacteria with this trait to survive in greater numbers and pass on this trait to their offspring.

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