Acid base Physiology

Which of the following is the most abundant buffer in the body?

• Proteins

• Bicarbonate

• Phosphate

What is the effect of acidosis on neuronal excitability?

• Increase excitability

• Decrease excitability

• No change in excitability

In a bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer system, select the ratio of base to acid that normally maintains acid-base balance in the body

• 10:1

• 20:1

• 5:1

• 50:1

Which of the following electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur in metabolic alkalosis?

• Hyponatraemia

• Hypokalaemia

• Hypercalcaemia

Which of the following is the main transporter that secretes H⁺ at the renal proximal convoluted tubule?

• Na⁺/H⁺ counter transporter

• H⁺/K⁺ ATPase (counter transporter)

• H⁺-ATPase

Which of the following acid-base disturbance is most likely to occur after prolonged vomiting?

• Metabolic acidosis

• Metabolic alkalosis

• Respiratory acidosis

• Respiratory alkalosis