NCM 112 HEMODIALYSIS

Renal refers to the ______

Patient with excess gain may have the following, except:

• increased weight gain

• difficulty of breathing

• dry mouth

• may have periorbital edema and/or pedal edema

In educating the hemodialysis patient regarding the care of vascular access, is it okay to tell the patient to use the affected arm for BP monitoring?

Answer explanation

Don't use the fistula to administer I.V. fluids, which could compromise its integrity and patency.

Don't take blood pressure readings or perform venipuncture on the access arm. These procedures could contribute to infection and clotting in the fistula.

Where does the absorption of glucose take place?

• glomerulus

• proximal convoluted tubules

• distal convoluted tubules

• loop of Henle

Answer explanation

proximal part of the tubule - reabsorption of amino acids, glucose, and salts

Loop of Henle - reabsorption of water and sodium chloride

Distal part of the tubule - reabsorption of salts

Glomerulus - filters waste and remove extra fluids in the blood.

There are three fundamental principles on which HD is based, which one is not included?

• diffusion

• osmosis

• ultrafiltration

• convection

Answer explanation

Convection - heat transfer through moving air or fluid

Diffusion - a separation process in which the particles move from an area of higher concentration in the blood to an area of lower concentration in the dialysate.

Osmosis - Water moves from an area of lower concentration (within the blood) to an area of higher concentration (within the dialysate) to equalize the concentration

Ultrafiltration - fluid moves from high pressure (within the blood) to low pressure (within the dialyzer) by energy derived from hydrostatic pressure creating a suction-like force

Other term for dialyzer.

Answer explanation

Dialyzer is also termed an artificial kidney because during hemodialysis the dialyzer functions like a kidney by filtering waste materials.

In peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneum serves as the artificial filter.

• true

• false

Answer explanation

In peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneum serves as the natural filter during dialysis.

It is a solution that contains all of the electrolytes similar in concentration to human plasma water and circulates outside the fibers within the dialyzer.

• artificial kidney

• dialysis machine

• dialysate

• dialyzer

It is a process by which a machine removes blood from the patient's body, filters it through a dialyzer and returns the cleaned blood to the body by way of the vascular access.

An AVG or arteriovenous graft is created by using a non-synthetic material to connect the artery to a vein.

• true

• false

Answer explanation

The AVG used a synthetic or silicone material to connect the artery to a vein.