Psychological Foundation of Counseling

Believes behavior to be a consequences of our genetics and physiology.

It is the only approach in psychology that examines thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from a biological and, thus physical point of view.

• Biological Approach

• Cognitive Approach

• Psychoanalytic Approach

• Humanistic Approach

It is about free will, self-discovery and achieving your full potential as a human being, rather than concentrating on individual problems or symptoms.

• Biological Approach

• Cognitive Approach

• Psychoanalytic Approach

• Humanistic Approach

It explains all behavior in terms of thoughts, beliefs and attitudes, and study how these direct our behaviors.

• Biological Approach

• Cognitive Approach

• Psychoanalytic Approach

• Humanistic Approach

It’s form of therapy that focuses on the present moment rather than past experiences.

• Functionalism

• Structuralism

• Gestalt Approach

• Behaviorism

It focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.

• Functionalism

• Structuralism

• Gestalt Approach

• Behaviorism

It is learning through association.

• Operant Conditioning

• Cognitive Map

• Classical Conditioning

• Social Cognitive Learning

It is a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior.

• Operant Conditioning

• Cognitive Map

• Classical Conditioning

• Social Cognitive Learning

It is an internal representation (or image) of an external environmental feature or landmark (Tolman, 1948).

• Operant Conditioning

• Cognitive Map

• Classical Conditioning

• Social Cognitive Learning

It views people as active agents who can both influence and are influenced by their environment (Mcleod, 2023).

• Operant Conditioning

• Cognitive Map

• Classical Conditioning

• Social Cognitive Learning

It is the sudden understanding of the relation between a problem and a solution (Sujan, 2021).

• Connectionism

• Insight Learning

• Classical Conditioning

• Gestalt Theory