Understanding research

(Mouly, 1978) proposes three ways to understand their environment and the nature of the

phenomena it presents to their senses.

• Experience, reasoning and opinion.

• Experience, reasoning and research.

• Experience, reasoning and experiments.

• Experience, reasoning and epistemology.

....................... was Aristotle’s great contribution to formal logic.

• Deductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

........... in its simplest form involves "the study of a number of individual cases that would lead to a hypothesis and eventually to a generalization."

• deductive reasoning

• inductive reasoning

Following the principles of deductive reasoning, order the following example:

• All triangles have three sides.

• This shape is a triangle.

• This shape has three sides.

Following the principles of inductive reasoning, order the following example:

• Jennifer is always on time.

• If Jennifer leaves at 7:00 a.m. for school today, she will be on time.

• Jennifer always leaves for school at 7:00 a.m.

A ............... " is a way of looking at or researching phenomena, a world view, a view of what counts as accepted or correct scientific knowledge or way of working, an ‘accepted model or pattern’

• theory

• concept

• paradigm

• hypothesis

Auguste Comte was the first thinker to use the word .................. for a philosophical position (Beck, 1979) and gave rise to sociology as a distinct discipline.

• approach

• paradigm

• positivism

• assumption

................ express generalizations from particulars, enable us to impose some sort of meaning on the world; through them reality is given sense, order and coherence.

• Theory

• Paradigm

• Hypothesis

• Concepts

Kerlinger (1970) defines .................... "as a conjectural statement of the relations between two or more variables"

• hypothesis

• theory

• concept

• method

................ initially involves systematic observation, moving to interconnecting ideas coherently and without internal contradictions (creating ascientific model), which is then tested by further observations.

• A hypothesis

• The scientific method

• A theory

• A positivist approach