1.1 unit 1: scientific foundations of psychology

A cognitive psychologist would likely be most interested in

• (A) concentration of neural transmitters in the spinal cord

• (B) unconditional positive regard in the therapeutic setting

• (C) token economies in prisons

• (D) perceptual speed on word-association tests

• (E) development of fine motor skills in toddlers

The concept of tabula rasa, or “blank slate” (the idea that human beings come into the world knowing nothing, and thereafter acquire all of their knowledge through experience) is most closely associated with

• (A) David Hume

• (B) Charles Darwin

• (C) John Locke

• (D) Sigmund Freud

• (E) Erich Fromm

The concept of dualism refers to the division of all things in the world into

• (A) thought and action

• (B) body and spirit

• (C) structural and functional

• (D) theoretical and practical

• (E) dependent and independent

The humanistic approach to psychology emphasizes the importance of

• (A) childhood experiences

• (B) biological predispositions

• (C) maladaptive thoughts

• (D) free will and conscious awareness

• (E) cultural experiences

Psychologists who emphasize the importance of repressed memories and childhood experiences subscribe to which of the following perspectives?

• (A) Cognitive

• (B) Behavioral

• (C) Psychodynamic

• (D) Social cultural

• (E) Medical/biological

Psychologists who believe behaviors are learned most likely ascribe to the philosophy of

• (A) Abraham Maslow

• (B) B.F. Skinner

• (C) Carl Rogers

• (D) Sigmund Freud

• (E) Wilhelm Wundt

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, a person who does not remember a painful event experiences which defense mechanism?

• (A) Denial

• (B) Self-actualization

• (C) Projection

• (D) Consciousness

• (E) Repression

Carl Rogers is most closely associated with which psychological approach?

• (A) Unconditional positive regard

• (B) Cognitive psychology

• (C) Humanistic

• (D) Sociocultural

• (E) Behaviorism

According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the most basic of human needs is

• (A) self-actualization

• (B) esteem

• (C) belonging

• (D) safety

• (E) physiological

Which approach would most likely involve the study of identical twins separated at birth?

• (A) Biological

• (B) Behavioral genetics

• (C) Humanistic

• (D) Sociocultural

• (E) Biopsychosocial