Ecological Succession

What is primary succession?

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in an area with a high biodiversity.

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in an area with a low biodiversity.

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in an area that has never been colonized before.

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in an area that has been previously colonized.

What is secondary succession?

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in a previously inhabited but disturbed or destroyed area.

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in a previously uninhabited area.

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in a primary forest.

• The process of ecological succession that occurs in a marine ecosystem.

What are the primary factors that initiate primary succession?

• Presence of mature vegetation

• Absence of soil or presence of bare rock or sand

• Presence of fertile soil

• Absence of sunlight

Give an example of primary succession.

• Colonization of bare rock by lichens and mosses

• Establishment of a mature forest after a wildfire.

• Formation of a coral reef.

• Growth of grasses and shrubs in a forest understory.

What are the pioneer species in primary succession?

• Grass, shrubs, and trees.

• Ferns, fungi, and algae.

• Insects, birds, and mammals.

• Lichens, mosses, and certain types of bacteria

What are the stages of primary succession?

• Grasses and small plants establish, larger trees and diverse ecosystem develop, pioneer species colonize, mosses and lichens break down rocks.

• Pioneer species colonize, mosses and lichens break down rocks, grasses and small plants grow, shrubs and small trees establish, larger trees and diverse ecosystem develop.

• Mosses and lichens establish, shrubs and small trees grow, pioneer species colonize, diverse ecosystem develops.

• Shrubs and small trees establish, pioneer species colonize, mosses and lichens break down rocks, grasses and small plants grow.

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

• Primary succession occurs in areas with soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas without soil.

• Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas with soil.

• Primary succession occurs in areas with a high biodiversity, while secondary succession occurs in areas with a low biodiversity.

• Primary succession occurs in areas with abundant sunlight, while secondary succession occurs in areas with limited sunlight.

What are the primary factors that initiate secondary succession?

• Disturbances

• Climate change

• Human activities

• Natural disasters

Give an example of secondary succession.

• Forest fire

• Earthquake

• Hurricane

• Volcanic eruption

What are the stages of secondary succession?

• Competition and establishment of late successional species, Growth and development of intermediate species, Initial colonization and establishment of pioneer species, Growth and dominance of early successional species.

• Initial colonization and establishment of intermediate species, Growth and development of early successional species, Competition and establishment of late successional species, Growth and dominance of pioneer species.

• Initial colonization and establishment of pioneer species, Growth and development of early successional species, Competition and establishment of intermediate species, Growth and dominance of late successional species

• Initial colonization and establishment of pioneer species, Growth and development of late successional species, Competition and establishment of intermediate species, Growth and dominance of early successional species.