DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

A young child becomes unhappy when their mother leaves the room and learns they are apart from her and that she might not always be there. What separation-individuation substages are these indicative of?

• Differentiation

• Practicing

• Rapprochement

• Libinal Object Constancy

2. Which substage of Mahler's separation-individuation is exhibited by a preschooler who is wary of unfamiliar persons and situations, recognizes his or her dependence on their mother, and possibly feels anxious about being apart from her?

• Differentiation

• Practicing

• Rapprochement

• Libinal Object Constancy

An instructor is assisting a student with a statistical problem. The instructor starts by asking about the student's prior knowledge of the problem at hand. The instructor then leads them through a step-by-step solution to the problem. The instructor gives the students cues and positive reinforcement as they work through the problem. This is an example of?

• Scaffolding

• Guided Participation

• Zone of Proximal Development

• Private Speech

According to him, social interaction- in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up a community’s culture.

• Margaret Mahler

• James Marcia

• Lev Vygotsky

• Mary Ainsworth

The child explores the room and interacts with the stranger while the caregiver is present. When the caregiver leaves, the child becomes upset, but they are comforted when the caregiver returns. The child resumes exploring and playing. This is an example of?

• Secure Attachment

• Insecure Avoidant Attachment

• Insecure Resistant Attachment

• Disorganized Attachment

The child may show inconsistent or contradictory behaviors, such as approaching the caregiver and then suddenly backing away. They may also be confused, fearful, or even aggressive. This is an example of?

• Secure Attachment

• Insecure Avoidant Attachment

• Insecure Resistant Attachment

• Disorganized Attachment

2. A child who is able to tolerate separation from his mother without becoming overly anxious is in what separation-individuation sub-stage?

• Differentiation

• Practicing

• Rapprochement

• Libinal Object Constancy

Adolescents in this status have explored their identity and made commitments to certain values, beliefs, and goals. They feel confident about who they are and what they want to do with their lives.

• Identity Diffusion

• Identity Moratorium

• Identity Foreclosure

• Identity Achievement

Adolescents in this status have not yet explored their identity or made any commitments. They may feel lost, confused, and uncertain about who they are and what they want to do with their lives.

• Identity Diffusion

• Identity Moratorium

• Identity Foreclosure

• Identity Achievement

10. Adolescents in this status have made commitments to certain values, beliefs, and goals, but they have not done so through a process of exploration. Their commitments may be based on parental pressure, societal expectations, or other external factors.

• Identity Diffusion

• Identity Moratorium

• Identity Foreclosure

• Identity Achievement