Chapter 2: Psychology as a Science

What is the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it?

• Overconfidence

• Ethnocentrism

• Confirmation bias

• Hindsight bias

The Barnum Effect refers to:

• The tendency to perceive patterns in random events

• The tendency to be overly critical of others

• The tendency to make predictions with high confidence

• The tendency to believe vague characterizations of oneself

Overconfidence in predictions and judgments is characterized by:

• A tendency to underestimate one's knowledge

• Making predictions with low confidence

• Believing one knows more than one actually does

• Doubting one's own abilities

Also known as the “I knew it all along” phenomenon.

• Overconfidence

• Ethnocentrism

• Confirmation bias

• Hindsight bias

The social and cultural spirit of the times that influences scientists' questions and resources is known as:

• Zeitgeist

• Overconfidence

• Empiricism

• Ethnocentrism

What is the code of ethics and conduct for psychologists designed to promote?

• Competition among researchers

• Ethnocentrism

• The highest standards of integrity and ethical conduct

• Plagiarism in research

Which ethical principle values the dignity and worth of all persons and their rights, including privacy and self-determination?

• Competence

• Responsibility

• Integrity

• Respect

Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of preserving one's ability to function optimally within the recognized limits of knowledge and experience?

• Competence

• Responsibility

• Integrity

• Respect

Which ethical principle involves professional accountability, responsible use of knowledge and skills, and respect for the welfare of individuals and the living world?

• Competence

• Responsibility

• Integrity

• Respect

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

What does the principle of integrity in the code of ethics promote in interactions with others?

• Competence and expertise

• Ethnocentrism

• Overconfidence and bias

• Honesty, accuracy, openness, and fairness