What is the geosphere? What does it include?

• The geosphere is the layer closest to Earth's surface and includes all the rocks and minerals found on and in Earth's ground.

• The geosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere and includes all the gases that surround Earth.

• The geosphere is the middle layer of the atmosphere and includes the ozone layer.

• The geosphere is the innermost layer of Earth and includes all the rocks and minerals within Earth.

Answer explanation

The geosphere refers to the innermost layer of Earth, consisting of all the rocks and minerals within the Earth. This distinguishes it from other options that incorrectly associate the geosphere with the layers of the atmosphere or the surface layer of the Earth. Therefore, the correct answer is that the geosphere includes all the rocks and minerals within Earth.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

What is the hydrosphere? What does it include?

• The hydrosphere is the layer closest to Earth's surface and includes all the rocks and minerals found on and in Earth's ground.

• The hydrosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere and includes all the gases that surround Earth.

• The hydrosphere is the middle layer of the atmosphere and includes the ozone layer.

• The hydrosphere includes all the water on Earth, including freshwater, salt water, and water vapor in the air.

Answer explanation

The hydrosphere is defined as all the water on Earth, which includes not just freshwater and salt water, but also water vapor in the air. Other options incorrectly defined hydrosphere as layers of the atmosphere or as containing rocks and minerals, which are not part of the hydrosphere.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What is the atmosphere? What does it include?

• The atmosphere is the layer closest to Earth's surface and includes all the rocks and minerals found on and in Earth's ground.

• The atmosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere and includes all the gases that surround Earth.

• The atmosphere is the middle layer of the atmosphere and includes the ozone layer.

• The atmosphere includes the air on Earth, containing important gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ozone.

Answer explanation

The question asks about the atmosphere and what it includes. The correct response is that the atmosphere encompasses the air on Earth, which contains crucial gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ozone. This answer rules out the other options which incorrectly define the atmosphere as the layer near Earth's surface or the outermost layer, or that only include the ozone layer.

How is the biosphere different from the other spheres?

• The biosphere is the layer closest to Earth's surface and includes all the rocks and minerals found on and in Earth's ground.

• The biosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere and includes all the gases that surround Earth.

• The biosphere is the middle layer of the atmosphere and includes the ozone layer.

• The biosphere includes all the living things on Earth, such as plants, animals, fungi, and microscopic organisms.

Answer explanation

The biosphere is different from other spheres because it includes all living organisms on Earth. While other layers or spheres could be related to rocks, minerals, or gases, the biosphere is solely dedicated to living things like plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. So, it's distinguished by its biological nature.

Do you think the biosphere would exist without the geosphere, hydrosphere or atmosphere? Justify your answer.

• Yes, the biosphere can exist independently without the geosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere.

• No, the biosphere cannot exist without the geosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere.

• The biosphere can exist without the geosphere, but not without the hydrosphere or atmosphere.

• The biosphere can exist without the hydrosphere, but not without the geosphere or atmosphere.

Answer explanation

The biosphere, which includes all living organisms, relies on the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere for its survival. The geosphere provides habitat and nutrients, the hydrosphere provides water, and the atmosphere provides air. Without these spheres, the biosphere cannot exist, which is why the correct answer is 'No, the biosphere cannot exist without the geosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere.'

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

How do we describe Earth's interior?

• Earth's interior is made up of three layers: crust, mantle, and core.

• Earth's interior is made up of two layers: crust and mantle.

• Earth's interior is made up of four layers: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

• Earth's interior is made up of five layers: crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core.

Answer explanation

The correct description of Earth's interior includes three layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core. The crust is the outermost layer, the mantle lies beneath it, and the core is the innermost layer. Other options incorrectly identified the number and names of these layers, hence they are incorrect.

Describe Earth's crust.

• Earth's crust is the outermost or most superficial layer of Earth, made of silicate rocks.

• Earth's crust is the middle layer of Earth, made of ductile or plastic-like rock.

• Earth's crust is the innermost layer of Earth, made of hot, molten iron and nickel.

• Earth's crust is the layer closest to Earth's surface, made of solid rock that covers Earth's surface.

Answer explanation

The question asked to describe Earth's crust. The correct answer is that Earth's crust is the layer closest to the Earth's surface, composed of solid rock that covers the Earth's surface. This statement is true as the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet. This was contrary to other options which suggested it to be the middle or innermost layer.

Compare and contrast the upper and lower mantle.

• The upper mantle is made of soft plastic-like rock, while the lower mantle is made of hard plastic-like rock.

• The upper mantle is made of solid iron and nickel, while the lower mantle is made of hot, molten iron and nickel.

• The upper mantle is the coldest place on Earth, while the lower mantle is the hottest place on Earth.

• The upper mantle is the outermost layer of the mantle, while the lower mantle is the innermost layer of the mantle.

Answer explanation

The correct answer cites the significant difference in materials between the upper and lower mantle. The upper mantle consists of soft, plastic-like rock, while the lower mantle is composed of more rigid, plastic-like rock. This reflects their distinct physical properties and depths within the Earth.

Compare and contrast the outer and inner core.

• The outer core is made of solid iron and nickel, while the inner core is made of hot, molten iron and nickel.

• The outer core is the coldest place on Earth, while the inner core is the hottest place on Earth.

• The outer core is the innermost layer of the core, while the inner core is the outermost layer of the core.

• The outer core is made of hot, molten iron and nickel, while the inner core is made of solid iron and nickel.

Answer explanation

The question asks for a comparison between the outer and inner core. The correct option states that the outer core is made of hot, molten iron and nickel, while the inner core is made of solid iron and nickel. This reflects the actual conditions of these Earth's layers, with the outer core being liquid and the inner core being solid due to immense pressure.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Where do we find the most gases in the atmosphere?

• Troposphere

• Stratosphere

• Mesosphere

• Thermosphere

Answer explanation

The majority of gases in the atmosphere are located in the Troposphere. This is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere and contains almost 75% of the atmosphere's mass. The troposphere extends averagely from Earth's surface up to about 8.5 miles (13 kilometers) at the poles and about 17 miles (27 kilometers) at the equator. Other layers like the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere are higher and contain less gases.